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. 2025 Jan 6;15:901. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84872-5

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© The Author(s) 2025

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Fig. 7 — Batch adsorption studies for 20 mg/L of Cu(II) and Cd(II) on 0.5 g/L dose of modified ACF for 720 min, pH 5, at 298 K respectively; (a) pH studies; (b and c) Contact time studies; and (d and e) Isotherm modelling plots between the concentrations of 10–200 mg/L (f) Vant-Hoff’s plot.