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. 2025 Jan 6;15:901. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84872-5

Table 1.

Kinetic parameters table used for metal ions adsorption onto modified ACF at a dosage of 0.5 g/L and pH 5.0 for Cu(II) and Cd(II) at 298 K.

Metals Inline graphic, exp (mg/g) Pseudo-first order (PFO)
(Qt) = Qe (1−eo−kt)
Pseudo-second order (PSO)
Inline graphic
Weber-Morris (IPD)
Inline graphic
Inline graphic
(mg/g)
k1 (/min) R2 Inline graphic
(mg/g)
K2
(g/mg min)
R2 Inline graphic
(mg/g)
C
(mg/g)
R2
Cd(II) 38.020 37.700 0.00592 0.9834 38.381 1.534E-4 0.9855 1.120 5.602 0.8268
Cu(II) 36.120 36.872 0.00371 0.9821 37.252 8.811E-5 0.9842 1.101 2.695 0.9282

In this context, Qe, exp and Qe, TH represent the experimentally and theoretically predicted equilibrium adsorption capacities of the metal ions (mg/g); k1 and k2 correspond to the PFO and PSO models, respectively, while R2 denotes the correlation coefficient.