Table 1.
Characteristics of included reviews
| First author and year | Type of review | Focus | Context | Number of studies | Number of participants | Outcome(s) | Target behavior(s) | Inequality indicator(s) | Digital intervention(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arambepola 201622 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | patients | 19 | 1155 | effectiveness | diet, physical activity, weight | location | text messages |
| Aslam 202057 | systematic review | only priority | health promotion | 10 | 383 | effectiveness | physical activity | age | smartphone apps; text messages; pedometers; smartwatches; wearables |
| Baer 202250 | systematic review | only priority | health promotion | 7 | 7655 | engagement | diet, physical activity | age | smartphone apps |
| Bennett 201451 | systematic review | only priority | overweight/ obesity | 6 | 4899 | effectiveness | weight | race/ ethnicity | computer, web, text, mobile phone, applications, email or related technologies. |
| Cavero-Redondo 202023 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | health promotion | 20 | 2196 | effectiveness | weight | age | mHealth (web, PDA, smartphone) |
| Clark 202352 | systematic review | only priority | overweight/ obesity | 9 | 1606 | effectiveness | weight | income | computer, web, text message, telephone/mobile phone (including mobile applications), email, or related technologies |
| Cotie 201824 | systematic review and meta-analysis | both | health promotion | 60 | 8354 | effectiveness | physical activity, weight | age, gender/ sex | wearable healthand movement trackers; websites; smartphone applications; messaging services (i.e. text messaging, emails and voicemail); videogames or tele-health |
| D’Amore 202225 | systematic review and meta-analysis | only priority | health promotion | 18 | 3455 | effectiveness | physical activity | age | smart technology |
| Davies 201226 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | health promotion | 34 | 11885 | effectiveness | physical activity | age, gender/ sex | web-based / emails |
| Dehghan Ghahfarokhi 202227 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | overweight/ obesity | 26 | 2373 | effectiveness | physical activity | age, gender/ sex | wearables, smartphone apps |
| Duan 202128 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | patients | 15 | not reported | effectiveness | diet, physical activity | age, gender/ sex | web sites or pages, telephone counseling, text messaging |
| Enyioha 202253 | systematic review | only priority | overweight/ obesity | 7 | 942 | effectiveness | weight | ethnicity | cellular phone calls, text messaging, web-based applications or downloadable mobile apps |
| Franssen 202029 | systematic review and meta-analysis | both | patients | 35 | 2858 | effectiveness | physical activity | age, gender/ sex | wearable activity trackers |
| Gravesande 202359 | scoping review | only priority | health promotion | 18 | 715 | engagement | physical activity | age | videoconferencing systems, DVDs, videolinks, videos streamed through websites |
| Hodkinson 202262 | individual patient data meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | patients | 9 | 1481 | effectiveness | physical activity | gender/ sex, age, ethnicity | wearable trackers |
| Jahangiry 201719 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | health promotion | 22 | 30951 | effectiveness | physical activity | age | web-based interventions |
| Jahangiry 202130 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | overweight/ obesity | 8 | 779 | effectiveness | weight | age | web-based interventions |
| Jonkman 201858 | systematic review | only priority | health promotion | 12 | 1208 | effectiveness | physical activity | age | used a computer, tablet, smartphone, or smartwatch |
| Joseph 201954 | systematic review | only priority | health promotion | 10 | not reported | effectiveness | physical activity | race/ ethnicity, gender/ sex | mobile phone or smartphone, social media platform, Internet-based website, e-mail, or text messaging |
| Kodama 201231 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | overweight/ obesity | 23 | 8697 | effectiveness | weight | age, gender/ sex | web-based programs |
| Kwan 202018 | systematic review with meta-analysis | only priority | health promotion | 38 | 11194 | effectiveness | physical activity | age | using any forms of electronic devices, the internet, and related digital technology |
| Lau 202032 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | overweight/ obesity | 15 | 5816 | effectiveness | weight | age | internet, apps, SMS, email or smartphone. |
| Lau 202441 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | overweight/ obesity | 46 | 19670 | effectiveness | diet | age, gender/ sex | mobile applications (apps), websites, web-based programs, text messaging, technology-based systems, social media, wearable devices, video calls, phone calls, emails. |
| Leonard 202142 | systematic review and meta-analysis | only priority | health promotion | 21 | 6265 | effectiveness | diet, physical activity, weight | gender/ sex | websites, wearables, smartphone, digital scales |
| Liu 202017 | systematic review and meta-analysis | only priority | health promotion | 10 | 1035 | effectiveness | physical activity | age | wearable activity tracker |
| Livingstone 202355 | systematic review | priority vs not priority | health promotion | 30 | 13365 | effectiveness | diet | age, location | smartphone apps, text messages, websites, phone calls, emails |
| McMahon 202133 | systematic review and meta-analysis | only priority | health promotion | 9 | 1329 | effectiveness | weight | gender/ sex | mobile phones, computers, laptops, tablets |
| Myers-Ingram 202356 | systematic review | only priority | overweight/ obesity | 4 | 373 | effectiveness | physical activity, weight | income, education, occupation/ employment | web-based, mobile applications, text, social media or other related modalities |
| Nunez de Arenas-Arroyo 202134 | systematic review and meta-analysis | only priority | health promotion | 19 | 4937 | effectiveness | physical activity | age | websites, virtual agents, phone calls, text messages, smartphone apps, wearables |
| Oliveira 202043 | systematic review and meta-analysis | only priority | health promotion | 23 | 2766 | effectiveness | physical activity | age | wearable activity tracker |
| Patterson 202144 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | patients | 19 | 1543 | effectiveness | physical activity | age | smartphone apps |
| Peng 202345 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | patients | 25 | 2400 | effectiveness | physical activity | age | wearables with / without apps and web platforms |
| Qiu 201835 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | patients | 15 | 1316 | effectiveness | physical activity | age, gender/ sex | step-counters |
| Rhodes 202046 | systematic review and meta-analysis | only priority | health promotion | 11 | 3280 | effectiveness | weight, physical activity | gender/ sex | digital interventions |
| Schepens Niemiec 202260 | ccoping review | only priority | health promotion | 13 | 1464 | effectiveness | physical activity | age | mobile phones, patient-monitoring devices, personal digital assistants, and other wireless devices for physical activity promotion |
| Seo 201536 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | health promotion | 31 | 8442 | effectiveness | weight | age, gender/ sex | internet-based interventions |
| Sequí-Domínguez 202047 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | patients | 9 | 709 | effectiveness | weight | age, gender/ sex | website, videoconferencing, smartphone apps |
| Sherifali 201737 | systematic review and meta-analysis | only priority | health promotion | 10 | 557 | effectiveness | diet, physical activity,aeight | gender/ sex | common eHealth technologicalelements such as text messaging or website support. |
| Szinay 20239 | systematic review | priority vs not priority | health promotion | 16 | 290039 | uptake, engagement, effectiveness | diet, physical activity,weight | age, education, ethnicity/ race, gender/ sex, income, location, occupation/ employment | smartphone, PDA, or wearable, without any intervention components being delivered face-to-face or using other digital tools such as computers or websites |
| Teo 202348 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | patients | 17 | 293 | effectiveness | physical activity, weight | age | wearables |
| Trumpf 202363 | scoping review | only priority | patients | 17 | 827 | engagement | physical activity | age | pedometers, accelerometers, or smartphones |
| Wong 202238 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | overweight/ obesity | 31 | 5361 | effectiveness | weight | Location, age | wearable devices, including accelerometers, pedometers, tailored wearable systems |
| Wu 202349 | systematic review and meta-analysis | only priority | health promotion | 45 | 7144 | effectiveness | physical activity | age | wearables |
| Yang 202261 | scoping review | priority vs not priority | health promotion | 54 | 34615 | engagement | physical activity, weight | gender/ sex, age, education | smartphones, smartwatches, PDAs, wristbands, and other wireless technologies |
| Yen 201939 | systematic review and meta-analysis | priority vs not priority | health promotion | 19 | 2292 | effectiveness | weight | age | wearable technologies |
| Yerrakalva 201940 | systematic review and meta-analysis | only priority | health promotion | 6 | 486 | effectiveness | physical activity | age | wearable trackers; smartphone apps |