Table 2.
Risk of cardiovascular disease by categories of baseline urinary tartaric acid concentrations for the total population and stratifying by sex
| Tartaric acid (µg/mL) per 1 SD | <1 µg/mL (n = 291) | 1–3 µg/mL (n = 340) | 3–12 µg/mL (n = 281) | 12–35 µg/mL (n = 164) | >35 µg/mL (n = 156) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Total | |||||||||||
| Cases | 685 | 169 | 188 | 143 | 94 | 91 | |||||
| Person-years | 6412 | 1403 | 1752 | 1612 | 886 | 759 | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.94 (0.83; 1.07) | .371 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.93 (0.66; 1.30) | .657 | 0.68 (0.48; 0.97) | .033 | 0.68 (0.46; 1.02) | .064 | 1.03 (0.68; 1.57) | .878 |
| Model 2 | 0.91 (0.76; 1.09) | .294 | Ref. | 0.88 (0.56; 1.40) | .599 | 0.62 (0.39; 0.99) | .047 | 0.53 (0.29; 0.97) | .038 | 0.91 (0.49; 1.68) | .752 |
| Model 3 | 0.91 (0.75; 1.09) | .301 | Ref. | 0.89 (0.56; 1.42) | .637 | 0.62 (0.38; 1.00) | .050 | 0.50 (0.27; 0.95) | .035 | 0.89 (0.48; 1.66) | .723 |
| Men | |||||||||||
| Cases | 353 | 69 | 83 | 75 | 64 | 62 | |||||
| Person-years | 2641 | 428 | 627 | 654 | 483 | 449 | |||||
| Model 3 | 0.82 (0.63; 1.06) | .136 | Ref. | 0.60 (0.27; 1.34) | .213 | 0.41 (0.20; 0.84) | .015 | 0.31 (0.12; 0.79) | .014 | 0.54 (0.23; 1.28) | .162 |
| Women | |||||||||||
| Cases | 332 | 100 | 105 | 68 | 30 | 29 | |||||
| Person-years | 3771 | 975 | 1125 | 958 | 403 | 311 | |||||
| Model 3 | 0.92 (0.69; 1.22) | .546 | Ref. | 0.97 (0.52; 1.80) | .912 | 0.52 (0.25; 1.08) | .080 | 0.69 (0.29; 1.67) | .413 | 1.03 (0.37; 2.92) | .951 |
The n does not include overlapping subjects in the subcohort. Model 1 was adjusted for age and stratified by sex. Model 2 was further adjusted for smoking, marital status, physical activity, educational level, BMI, waist-to-height ratio, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, and family history of CVD, and stratified by sex, quartiles of the waist-to-height ratio, and recruitment centre. Model 3 was additionally adjusted for total energy intake, MedDiet adherence (not considering wine), and consumption of grapes and raisins. The P-value for interaction (sex ∗ category of the joint combination of baseline levels of tartaric acid, with 4 degrees of freedom) was derived from a Cox model adjusted as model 3, and it was not statistically significant Pfor interaction = .52.
HR, hazard ratio.