Table 3.

Risk of cardiovascular events by categories of baseline urinary tartaric acid concentrations

	Tartaric acid (µg/mL) per 1 SD		<1 µg/mL (equivalent to ≈1 glass of wine/month, n = 291)	1–3 µg/mL (n = 340)		3–12 µg/mL (n = 281)		12–35 µg/mL (n = 164)		>35 µg/mL (n = 156)
	HR (95% CI)	P-value		HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Heart failure
Cases	198		47	60		42		22		27
Model 1	0.95 (0.79; 1.13)	.542	1 (Ref.)	1.11 (0.69; 1.76)	.671	0.73 (0.44; 1.21)	.223	0.62 (0.34; 1.12)	.111	1.21 (0.68; 2.18)	.517
Model 2	0.88 (0.65; 1.19)	.421	Ref.	1.16 (0.56; 2.41)	.689	0.76 (0.35; 1.65)	.136	0.38 (0.13; 1.06)	.065	0.93 (0.34; 2.56)	.888
Model 3	0.90 (0.66; 1.23)	.517	Ref.	1.13 (0.53; 2.39)	.748	0.76 (0.34; 1.68)	.492	0.39 (0.13; 1.14)	.084	0.99 (0.36; 2.72)	.981
MI
Cases	116		30	28		30		16		12
Model 1	0.86 (0.70; 1.06)	.164	1 (Ref.)	0.71 (0.40; 1.28)	.258	0.77 (0.43; 1.37)	.371	0.62 (0.30; 1.26)	.187	0.58 (0.27; 1.25)	.164
Model 2	0.69 (0.50; 0.96)	.025	Ref.	0.58 (0.26; 1.32)	.192	0.65 (0.29; 1.47)	.297	0.32 (0.11; 0.99)	.048	0.25 (0.07; 0.93)	.038
Model 3	0.70 (0.50; 0.97)	.031	Ref.	0.62 (0.27; 1.43)	.265	0.67 (0.29; 1.56)	.353	0.30 (0.09; 1.08)	.066	0.26 (0.07; 0.97)	.045
Stroke
Cases	150		40	41		26		23		20
Model 1	0.90 (0.74; 1.10)	.316	1 (Ref.)	0.84 (0.51; 1.38)	.485	0.54 (0.31; 0.94)	.028	0.75 (0.41; 1.37)	.355	0.90 (0.48; 1.70)	.755
Model 2	0.91 (0.65; 1.27)	.579	Ref.	0.61 (0.28; 1.34)	.218	0.54 (0.26; 1.12)	.099	0.83 (0.31; 2.20)	.708	1.01 (0.35; 2.89)	.988
Model 3	0.91 (0.65; 1.27)	.569	Ref.	0.63 (0.28; 1.42)	.265	0.54 (0.25; 1.15)	.109	0.81 (0.28; 2.34)	.701	0.94 (0.33; 2.68)	.905
Death from CVD
Cases	238		56	63		47		36		36
Model 1	1.01 (0.84; 1.22)	.897	1 (Ref.)	0.97 (0.60; 1.57)	.907	0.66 (0.40; 1.10)	.109	0.74 (0.42; 1.29)	.285	1.41 (0.80; 2.51)	.238
Model 2	1.06 (0.80; 1.42)	.683	Ref.	1.13 (0.53; 2.38)	.757	0.57 (0.27; 1.22)	.146	0.68 (0.26; 1.81)	.442	1.74 (0.72; 4.20)	.218
Model 3	1.07 (0.78; 1.45)	.685	Ref.	1.10 (0.52; 2.34)	.808	0.57 (0.26; 1.24)	.158	0.65 (0.22; 1.89)	.427	1.69 (0.69; 4.12)	.249
MI, stroke, and CVD death
Cases	489		123	128		101		72		65
Model 1	0.94 (0.81; 1.08)	.376	1 (Ref.)	0.85 (0.59; 1.23)	.390	0.66 (0.45; 0.96)	.030	0.69 (0.45; 1.07)	.100	0.97 (0.62; 1.53)	.908
Model 2	0.93 (0.76; 1.13)	.454	Ref.	0.78 (0.47; 1.30)	.346	0.59 (0.36; 0.98)	0.042	0.60 (0.31; 1.14)	.117	0.94 (0.48; 1.84)	.863
Model 3	0.92 (0.75; 1.13)	.439	Ref.	0.80 (0.48; 1.33)	.390	0.60 (0.36; 1.01)	.053	0.56 (0.28; 1.14)	.108	0.91 (0.47; 1.77)	.777
Stroke and CVD death
Cases	388		96	104		73		59		56
Model 1	0.97 (0.83; 1.12)	.652	1 (Ref.)	0.91 (0.62; 1.35)	.647	0.61 (0.41; 0.93)	.021	0.74 (0.46; 1.17)	.197	1.17 (0.73; 1.89)	.517
Model 2	1.01 (0.81; 1.26)	.935	Ref.	0.83 (0.47; 1.46)	.514	0.56 (0.32; 0.99)	.044	0.76 (0.37; 1.55)	.445	1.36 (0.67; 2.78)	.393
Model 3	1.00 (0.79; 1.26	.983	Ref.	0.84 (0.47; 1.48)	.539	0.57 (0.32; 1.01)	.055	0.74 (0.34; 1.60)	.442	1.26 (0.62; 2.60)	.524

The n does not include overlapping subjects in the subcohort. Model 1 was adjusted for age and stratified by sex. Model 2 was further adjusted for smoking, marital status, physical activity, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, and family history of CVD, and stratified by sex, educational level, quartiles of the waist-to-height ratio, and recruitment centre. Model 3 was additionally adjusted for total energy intake, MedDiet adherence (not considering wine), and consumption of grapes and raisins.

CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; MI, myocardial infarction.