Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants who had and did not have cerebrovascular events#.
| Characteristic | Study participants, N=1,793 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men n=446 | Women n=1,347 | |||||
| Cerebrovascular events | No cerebrovascular events | P-value | Cerebrovascular events | No cerebrovascular events | P-value | |
| Participants (%) | 45 (10.1) | 401 (89.9) | 76 (5.6) | 1,271 (94.4) | ||
| Age, years | 59.4 ± 8.0 | 53.6 ± 9.4 | <0.001* | 58.9 ± 7.1 | 49.5 ± 10.5 | <0.001* |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.9 ± 2.3 | 23.4 ± 2.7 | 0.156* | 23.8 ± 3.5 | 22.8 ± 3.1 | 0.014* |
| Body weight category | ||||||
| Underweight, number (%) | 1 (2.2) | 10 (2.5) | 4 (5.3) | 61 (4.8) | ||
| Normal weight, number (%) | 34 (75.6) | 284 (70.8) | 47 (61.8) | 949 (74.7) | ||
| Overweight, number (%) | 10 (22.2) | 107 (26.7) | 25 (32.9) | 261 (20.5) | ||
| Blood pressure | ||||||
| Systolic, mm Hg | 136.5 ± 18.8 | 129.2 ± 16.7 | 0.016* | 134.9 ± 17.1 | 122.4 ± 17.6 | <0.001* |
| Diastolic, mm Hg | 81.4 ± 12.5 | 80.0 ± 11.0 | 0.47* | 79.7 ± 9.8 | 73.7 ± 10.9 | <0.001* |
| Abnormal† | 33 (73.3) | 215 (53.6) | 0.012*** | 56 (73.7) | 480 (37.8) | <0.001*** |
| HDL Cholesterol, mg/dL | 52.6 ± 12.3 | 56.2 ± 16.8 | 0.074* | 60.5 ± 17.3 | 62.6 ± 15.4 | 0.309* |
| Triglyceride, median (IQR), mg/dL | 94 (73–142) | 110 (71–157) | 0.452** | 98 (68–146) | 88 (64–123) | 0.112** |
| Serum lipid abnormality§ | 12 (26.7) | 120 (29.9) | 0.65*** | 19 (25.0) | 187 (14.7) | 0.016*** |
| Blood glucose, median (IQR), mg/dL | 96 (93–104) | 94 (88–104) | 0.229** | 95 (89–105) | 92 (87–101) | 0.038** |
| Serum glucose abnormality|| | 5 (11.1) | 40 (10.0) | 0.486*** | 6 (7.9) | 59 (4.6) | 0.155*** |
| Lifestyle factors | ||||||
| Alcohol consumption | 32 (71.1) | 280 (69.8) | 0.858*** | 2 (2.6) | 161 (12.7) | 0.009*** |
| Smoker | 33 (73.3) | 275 (68.6) | 0.513*** | 2 (2.6) | 73 (5.7) | 0.935*** |
All data are n (%) or mean ± standard deviation, unless indicated otherwise. Significant differences (of 5% or less) between means, medians and percentages were calculated using a: *t-test, **Wilcoxon test, or either a ***χ2 or Fisher’s exact test, respectively. #Cerebrovascular events included cerebral infarctions and hemorrhagic strokes. †Body weight categories were underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 to <25.0 kg/m2), and overweight (≥25.0 kg/m2). ‡Abnormal blood pressure was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg. If participants had been receiving medication for hypertension, they were classified as being within the abnormal category. §Serum lipid abnormality was defined as serum triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL or HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dL. In the case of a non-fasting blood sample, blood triglycerides ≥175 mg/dL was used instead. If participants had been receiving medication for dyslipidemia, they were classified as being within the abnormal category. ||Serum glucose abnormality was defined as fasting glucose ≥110 mg/dL. In the case of a non-fasting blood sample, glucose ≥140 mg/dL was used instead. If participants had been receiving medication for diabetes mellitus, they were classified as being within the abnormal category. HDL: high density lipoprotein; IQR: interquartile range.