Table 1. Basic information of the patients.
| Total (n=50) | Male (n=19) | Female (n=31) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 78.8 (6.3) | 81.0 [77.0–84.0] | 78.1 (6.1) | 0.190a |
| Living together | 46 (87.3%) | 19 (100%) | 27 (87.1%) | 0.284b |
| Osteoarthritis (yes) | 11 (22.0%) | 3 (15.8%) | 8 (25.8%) | 0.498b |
| Neurological disease (yes) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| Heart disease (yes) | 5 (10.0%) | 1 (5.3%) | 4 (12.9%) | 0.637b |
| Respiratory disease (yes) | 4/46 (8.0%) | 3 (15.8%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0.147b |
| Hypertension (yes) | 22 (44.0%) | 6 (31.6%) | 16 (51.6%) | 0.242b |
| Diabetes (yes) | 9 (18.0%) | 4 (21.1%) | 5 (16.1%) | 0.715b |
| Height (cm) | 156.4 (6.3) | 164.4 (7.9) | 151.6 (7.0) | <0.01c |
| Weight (kg) | 57.0 (9.0) | 59.2 (6.6) | 55.7 (10.1) | 0.137c |
| BMI | 23.3 (3.6) | 22.0 (2.8) | 24.2 (3.7) | 0.034c |
| Body fat rate (%) | 28.4 (8.9) | 21.6 (7.6) | 32.6 (6.8) | <0.01c |
| ASMI | 6.5 (0.90) | 7.1 (0.62) | 6.2 (0.76) | <0.01c |
| Max. grip strength (kgf) | 25.7 (7.7) | 31.5 (9.1) | 22.2 (3.8) | <0.01c |
| SPPB Balance test | 4.0 [4.0–4.0] | 4.0 [4.0–4.0] | 4.0 [4.0–4.0] | 0.959a |
| SPPB Gait speed test | 4.0 [4.0–4.0] | 4.0 [4.0–4.0] | 4.0 [4.0–4.0] | 0.519a |
| SPPB Chair stand test | 4.0 [4.0–4.0] | 4.0 [4.0–4.0] | 4.0 [4.0–4.0] | 0.071a |
| SPPB Total score | 12.0 [12.0–12.0] | 12.0 [12.0–12.0] | 12.0 [11.0–12.0] | 0.331a |
| Walking speed (m/sec) | 1.15 (0.21) | 1.20 (0.23) | 1.13 (0.20) | 0.233c |
| FTSST (sec) | 9.1 [7.7–9.9] | 8.6 [7.8–9.8] | 9.3 [7.4–10.4] | 0.896a |
| Low muscle mass | 14 (28.0%) | 8 (42.1%) | 6 (19.4%) | 0.110b |
| Weakened muscle | 16 (32.0%) | 9 (47.4%) | 7 (22.6%) | 0.117b |
| Sarcopenia | 9 (18.0%) | 4 (21.1%) | 5 (16.1%) | 0.715b |
a: Mann–Whitney’s U-test, b: chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, c: unpaired t-test.
BMI: body mass index: ASMI; appendicular skeletal muscle mass index; SPPB: short physical performance battery; FTSST: five-times-sit-to-stand test.