Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion Criteria
1	Patients with pacemaker
2	Age: 18-70 years old
3	Paced rhythm: ≤70 bpm
Exclusion Criteria
1	Myocardial infarction within the last 12 months of the study
2	Implantable cardioverter defibrillators with pacing function
3	Uncontrolled hypertension (SBP/DBP >160/100 mmHg)
4	LVEF <40%
5	Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (HbA1c >6%)
6	Uncontrolled congestive heart failure
7	Unstable or stable angina

SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.