Table 1.
Comparison of clinical characteristics between case and control groups before and after PSM
| Pre-PSM | Post-PSM | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Controls, N = 31,8681 | Cases, N = 261 | p-value2 | Controls, N = 2601 | Cases, N = 261 | p-value2 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 16,313.00 (51.19%) | 15.00 (57.69%) | 0.507 | 144.00 (55.38%) | 15.00 (57.69%) | 0.821 |
| Male | 15,555.00 (48.81%) | 11.00 (42.31%) | 116.00 (44.62%) | 11.00 (42.31%) | ||
| Age | 47.000 (33.000, 61.000) | 65.000 (49.250, 76.000) | <0.001 | 62.500 (42.000, 72.000) | 65.000 (49.250, 76.000) | 0.172 |
| Urinary albumin | 8.000 (4.200, 16.600) | 19.100 (9.425, 34.700) | <0.001 | 10.150 (4.600, 21.175) | 19.100 (9.425, 34.700) | 0.015 |
| Urinary creatinine | 113.000 (64.000, 171.000) | 100.000 (76.250, 153.750) | 0.812 | 93.000 (54.000, 169.500) | 100.000 (76.250, 153.750) | 0.538 |
| Albumin | 42.000 (40.000, 44.000) | 41.500 (38.000, 44.000) | 0.589 | 41.000 (39.000, 43.000) | 41.500 (38.000, 44.000) | 0.411 |
| ALT | 20.000 (15.000, 28.000) | 16.000 (12.000, 20.750) | 0.023 | 19.000 (14.000, 27.000) | 16.000 (12.000, 20.750) | 0.180 |
| AST | 22.000 (18.000, 27.000) | 22.000 (18.500, 25.750) | 0.985 | 20.000 (17.000, 26.000) | 22.000 (18.500, 25.750) | 0.486 |
| ALP | 68.000 (56.000, 83.000) | 85.000 (62.250, 96.000) | 0.012 | 73.000 (58.000, 90.250) | 85.000 (62.250, 96.000) | 0.149 |
| BUN | 4.640 (3.570, 5.710) | 5.355 (3.660, 7.943) | 0.124 | 5.360 (4.280, 6.430) | 5.355 (3.660, 7.943) | 0.852 |
| Calcium | 2.350 (2.275, 2.400) | 2.363 (2.300, 2.400) | 0.318 | 2.325 (2.250, 2.375) | 2.363 (2.300, 2.400) | 0.027 |
| Cholesterol | 4.913 (4.241, 5.637) | 4.720 (4.183, 5.314) | 0.329 | 4.810 (4.157, 5.637) | 4.720 (4.183, 5.314) | 0.564 |
| Bicarbonate | 25.000 (24.000, 27.000) | 25.000 (23.000, 26.000) | 0.546 | 25.000 (24.000, 27.000) | 25.000 (23.000, 26.000) | 0.227 |
| Creatinine | 74.260 (62.760, 88.400) | 76.465 (66.743, 92.820) | 0.536 | 75.140 (63.650, 90.390) | 76.465 (66.743, 92.820) | 0.779 |
| GGT | 20.000 (14.000, 31.000) | 22.500 (12.250, 30.250) | 0.714 | 22.000 (15.000, 31.000) | 22.500 (12.250, 30.250) | 0.463 |
| Glucose | 5.110 (4.720, 5.720) | 5.410 (4.885, 6.095) | 0.078 | 5.270 (4.830, 5.880) | 5.410 (4.885, 6.095) | 0.296 |
| Iron | 82.000 (61.000, 105.000) | 69.000 (40.250, 95.750) | 0.015 | 80.500 (63.750, 109.000) | 69.000 (40.250, 95.750) | 0.012 |
| LDH | 134.000 (117.000, 155.000) | 134.000 (116.000, 174.250) | 0.589 | 148.000 (132.000, 174.500) | 134.000 (116.000, 174.250) | 0.110 |
| Phosphorus | 1.195 (1.066, 1.292) | 1.243 (1.098, 1.388) | 0.095 | 1.162 (1.033, 1.259) | 1.243 (1.098, 1.388) | 0.013 |
| TB | 10.260 (6.840, 13.680) | 9.405 (6.840, 11.970) | 0.463 | 8.550 (5.130, 10.260) | 9.405 (6.840, 11.970) | 0.248 |
| Total protein | 72.000 (69.000, 75.000) | 71.000 (69.000, 75.500) | 0.924 | 71.000 (68.000, 74.000) | 71.000 (69.000, 75.500) | 0.817 |
| Triglyceride | 1.332 (0.903, 2.032) | 1.434 (1.005, 2.340) | 0.557 | 1.282 (0.960, 1.843) | 1.434 (1.005, 2.340) | 0.506 |
| Uric acid | 315.200 (261.700, 374.700) | 282.550 (223.075, 345.000) | 0.122 | 321.200 (261.700, 382.175) | 282.550 (223.075, 345.000) | 0.073 |
| Sodium | 140.000 (138.000, 141.000) | 141.000 (138.000, 142.000) | 0.179 | 140.000 (138.000, 141.000) | 141.000 (138.000, 142.000) | 0.463 |
| Potassium | 4.000 (3.800, 4.200) | 4.100 (3.800, 4.300) | 0.132 | 4.000 (3.800, 4.300) | 4.100 (3.800, 4.300) | 0.455 |
| Chloride | 103.000 (101.000, 105.000) | 104.000 (101.250, 105.000) | 0.491 | 101.000 (100.000, 103.000) | 104.000 (101.250, 105.000) | 0.006 |
| Osmolality | 279.000 (276.000, 282.000) | 282.500 (279.250, 284.750) | 0.004 | 280.000 (277.000, 284.000) | 282.500 (279.250, 284.750) | 0.169 |
| Globulin | 29.000 (27.000, 33.000) | 30.000 (27.000, 32.750) | 0.699 | 30.000 (27.000, 33.000) | 30.000 (27.000, 32.750) | 0.792 |
| Weight | 78.700 (66.700, 93.200) | 68.750 (62.550, 80.975) | 0.010 | 76.250 (66.600, 88.725) | 68.750 (62.550, 80.975) | 0.055 |
| Standing height | 166.800 (159.600, 174.400) | 162.150 (159.450, 170.650) | 0.108 | 164.600 (157.300, 171.625) | 162.150 (159.450, 170.650) | 0.695 |
| BMI | 28.120 (24.420, 32.700) | 26.500 (24.055, 30.758) | 0.098 | 27.900 (25.000, 31.825) | 26.500 (24.055, 30.758) | 0.141 |
| Waist circumference | 97.800 (87.500, 108.800) | 93.600 (85.175, 100.775) | 0.044 | 99.500 (89.300, 110.200) | 93.600 (85.175, 100.775) | 0.023 |
| WBC | 6.900 (5.700, 8.400) | 6.900 (5.725, 8.975) | 0.885 | 7.000 (5.600, 8.900) | 6.900 (5.725, 8.975) | 0.913 |
| Lymphocytes percent | 30.500 (25.200, 36.300) | 30.400 (24.500, 37.425) | 0.765 | 30.250 (24.950, 37.550) | 30.400 (24.500, 37.425) | 0.890 |
| Monocytes percent | 7.700 (6.400, 9.100) | 7.500 (6.125, 8.575) | 0.567 | 7.800 (6.800, 9.500) | 7.500 (6.125, 8.575) | 0.233 |
| Neutrophils percent | 58.000 (51.500, 64.000) | 56.700 (49.650, 60.900) | 0.397 | 58.150 (49.900, 63.700) | 56.700 (49.650, 60.900) | 0.589 |
| Eosinophils percent | 2.300 (1.500, 3.500) | 2.750 (2.200, 3.900) | 0.047 | 2.400 (1.500, 3.700) | 2.750 (2.200, 3.900) | 0.071 |
| Basophils percent | 0.700 (0.500, 0.900) | 0.750 (0.500, 1.000) | 0.480 | 0.700 (0.600, 0.900) | 0.750 (0.500, 1.000) | 0.909 |
| Lymphocyte | 2.100 (1.700, 2.600) | 2.250 (1.600, 2.575) | 0.779 | 2.200 (1.700, 2.600) | 2.250 (1.600, 2.575) | 0.917 |
| Monocyte | 0.500 (0.400, 0.700) | 0.500 (0.400, 0.700) | 0.762 | 0.600 (0.475, 0.700) | 0.500 (0.400, 0.700) | 0.320 |
| Neutrophil | 4.000 (3.100, 5.100) | 3.950 (2.750, 5.275) | 0.863 | 3.900 (3.000, 5.500) | 3.950 (2.750, 5.275) | 0.773 |
| RBC | 4.680 (4.350, 5.030) | 4.520 (4.255, 4.683) | 0.043 | 4.640 (4.350, 4.953) | 4.520 (4.255, 4.683) | 0.105 |
| Hemoglobin | 14.100 (13.100, 15.100) | 13.500 (12.375, 14.050) | 0.001 | 13.850 (13.000, 14.700) | 13.500 (12.375, 14.050) | 0.015 |
| Hematocrit | 41.700 (38.700, 44.600) | 40.500 (37.925, 41.675) | 0.008 | 41.350 (38.875, 43.700) | 40.500 (37.925, 41.675) | 0.022 |
| MCV | 89.400 (86.000, 92.400) | 89.000 (80.400, 91.125) | 0.113 | 89.500 (86.100, 92.500) | 89.000 (80.400, 91.125) | 0.105 |
| MCH | 30.400 (29.000, 31.600) | 29.200 (25.950, 30.800) | 0.015 | 30.100 (28.800, 31.200) | 29.200 (25.950, 30.800) | 0.065 |
| MCHC | 33.900 (33.300, 34.500) | 32.900 (32.425, 33.975) | <0.001 | 33.600 (32.975, 34.100) | 32.900 (32.425, 33.975) | 0.049 |
| RDW | 13.100 (12.500, 13.800) | 14.300 (13.425, 16.050) | <0.001 | 13.550 (13.000, 14.100) | 14.300 (13.425, 16.050) | 0.005 |
| Platelet | 242.000 (205.000, 286.000) | 256.500 (213.250, 305.250) | 0.207 | 235.000 (197.000, 270.000) | 256.500 (213.250, 305.250) | 0.045 |
| MPV | 8.100 (7.500, 8.700) | 8.400 (8.000, 9.025) | 0.069 | 8.200 (7.700, 8.800) | 8.400 (8.000, 9.025) | 0.231 |
| Glycohemoglobin | 5.500 (5.200, 5.900) | 5.750 (5.425, 6.225) | 0.016 | 5.700 (5.300, 6.100) | 5.750 (5.425, 6.225) | 0.353 |
| HDL | 1.320 (1.090, 1.600) | 1.385 (1.095, 1.653) | 0.486 | 1.320 (1.110, 1.660) | 1.385 (1.095, 1.653) | 0.760 |
1n (%); Median (IQR)
2Pearson's Chi-squared test; Wilcoxon rank sum test
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MPV, mean platelet volume; RBC, red blood cell count; RDW, red cell distribution width; TB, total bilirubin; WBC, white blood cell count.