Table 2.

K-VABS-II domain and subdomain scores of the DD and TD groups

Domain/subdomain	DD	TD	t	p	F	adjusted p
K-VABS-II ABCS	57.9±14.5	92.6±12.9	17.72	<0.001	256.20	<0.001
Communication	59.4±16.3	92.6±13.6	15.11	<0.001	195.68	<0.001
Receptive	8.6±3.1	14.7±2.2	15.14	<0.001	210.41	<0.001
Expressive	7.3±2.5	13.9±2.3	19.23	<0.001	312.65	<0.001
Written	8.7±3.6	13.4±3.2	9.63	<0.001	64.21	<0.001
Daily living skills	71.7±15.6	98.3±12.5	12.87	<0.001	139.72	<0.001
Personal	9.3±2.4	14.3±2.5	14.14	<0.001	157.03	<0.001
Domestic	12.4±2.5	15.6±2.1	9.64	<0.001	69.71	<0.001
Community	9.5±3.2	14.7±1.9	13.13	<0.001	165.69	<0.001
Social skills	58.3±15.4	94.7±15.2	16.53	<0.001	219.65	<0.001
Interpersonal relationships	8.0±2.4	13.7±2.5	15.91	<0.001	209.39	<0.001
Play and leisure time	7.8±2.5	14.1±2.7	16.46	<0.001	216.29	<0.001
Coping skills	9.2±2.8	15.1±2.6	15.24	<0.001	182.08	<0.001
Motor skills	71.4±14.6	93.0±13.0	10.97	<0.001	92.71	<0.001
Gross	11.6±2.5	14.1±1.8	7.78	<0.001	58.04	<0.001
Fine	9.5±2.7	9.5±2.7	11.88	<0.001	109.20	<0.001
Maladaptive Behavior Index	17.8±2.7	14.0±2.1	-11.27	<0.001	104.80	<0.001
Internalizing behaviors	18.1±3.4	13.9±2.5	-9.24	<0.001	77.42	<0.001
Externalizing behaviors	16.0±2.6	14.1±2.7	-4.91	<0.001	24.30	<0.001

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. Analysis of covariance adjusted for age and sex. K-VABS-II, Korean version of Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition; DD, developmental disabilities; TD, typical development; ABCS, Adaptive Behavior Composite Score