Upregulation of CD47 promotes malignant traits in GBM via HIF-1α. (A) Western blot showing CD47 protein expression in GBM; (B) Quantification of CD47 protein expression levels; (C) CCK8 assay assessing U87 cell proliferation after HIF-1α knockdown and CD47 overexpression; (D) CCK8 assay evaluating U251 cell proliferation after HIF-1α knockdown and CD47 overexpression. (E) Quantification of U87 and U251 cell colony formation; (F) Clonogenic assay measuring colony formation after HIF-1α knockdown and CD47 overexpression; (G) Cell migration assay assessing U87 and U251 cell migration after HIF-1α knockdown and CD47 overexpression; (H) Quantification of U87 and U251 cell migration. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, and differences were analyzed using an unpaired t-test. NS indicates no statistical significance, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ###P < 0.001, ####P < 0.0001.* indicates comparison between shRNA-HIF-1α + CD47 Vector and shRNA-NC; # indicates comparison between shRNA-HIF-1α + CD47 overexpression group and shRNA-HIF-1α + CD47 Vector group.