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. 2023 Nov 28;93(1):81–100. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12905
Code # Code name Example behaviors
Screen time
1 Social media Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, TikTok
2 Computer‐mediated interaction Texting, IM, FaceTime
3 Passive screen time TV, Netflix, Hulu, YouTube, browsing Internet
4 Video games Computer games, games on phone
5 Phone conversation Talking on phone
6 Screen time unspecified Electronics, phone, scrolling
Leisure
7 Reading Books, comics
8 Listening to… Listening to music, podcasts
9 Hobbies Playing music, drawing/art, knitting, puzzles
Relaxation/Spiritual/Meditation
10 Meditating/positive thinking Clear my head
11 Yoga Yoga
12 Spiritual Praying
13 Relaxation Relax, closing eyes, closing lights
14 Self‐care Self‐care, journaling
15 Animals Playing with dog/cat, spending time with pets (not walking outside—see “outdoors”)
Productive
16 Homework Homework, write, study, read for school
17 Class Going to class, class
Physical activity
18 Exercise Exercise, sports, workout, dancing
19 Outdoors Walking, running, walking dog, yard work
Nothing or Thinking
20 Nothing Lay in bed, sit in bed, humming
21 Planning Thinking about things to do, thinking future
22 Daydreaming Think generic/unspecified/neutral/reflect
23 Negative Crying, worrying, ruminating, bored, procrastinating
24 Sleep Sleeping, napping
Routine
25 Routine Eating, cooking, showering, chores, errands, driving, masturbating
26 Work Work
27 Philanthropy Volunteering
Substance use
28 Substance use Drinking alcohol, doing drugs
Uncodable
29 Uncodable Not alone, watch Netflix and reading (conflicting themes)