Fig. 1.

BMAL1 downregulation exacerbated cognitive impairment. A The experimental timeline. B, C Western blots and quantitation analysis of the protein levels of BMAL1 (n = 3 per group). D Body weight (n = 8 per group). E Fasting blood glucose (n = 8 per group). F, G Blood glucose levels during GTT and ITT (n = 7 per group). H, I The total distance traveled and average velocity was assessed in the open field test (n = 8 per group). J, K The duration and frequency of exploring the novel object were assessed in the novel object recognition test (n = 8 per group). L, M Acquisition errors and probe errors of the Barnes maze test were assessed for spatial learning ability (n = 8 per group). Data were plotted as means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's HSD test