Fig. 9. (a) The impedance, permittivity, modulus, and conductivity characteristics of the Cs0.05(FA0.83-MA 0.17)0.95Pb(I0.9Br0.1)3 solar cell was analysed at 360 K. Two distinct responses, labelled as β and γ, were observed in the intermediate and low-frequency regions, respectively. (b) J–V sweeps of the Cs0.05(FA0.83-MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.9Br0.1)3 solar cell evaluated as a function of sweep rate at 360 K. (c) The hysteresis area as a function of frequency is categorized in A–F. Figure reproduced with permission from ref. 73.
