Table 7.

Mechanisms to reduce joint pain symptoms.

Source of exosomes	Main target molecule or pathway	Effect	Reference
BM-MSC	Unknown	Regulating the upregulation of CGRP and iNOS in DRG tissue to reduce inflammatory pain and neuropathological pain in OA rats.	[162]
BM-MSC	Unknown	Elimination of abnormal CGRP-positive nerves and abnormal H-angiogenesis in LFJ subchondral bone to relieve pain.	[163]
UC-MSC	miRNA-29a-3p	Improve the pain and central sensitization of advanced OA through LncRNA H19/microRNA-29a-3p/FOS axis.	[164]