Table 2.
Weighted baseline characteristics of study participants stratified by COPD status, post-PSM.
| Characteristic | Overall(n = 3,764) | Non-COPD(n = 1,882) | COPD(n = 1,882) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 60.23 ± (10.85) | 60.12 ± (11.29) | 60.35 ± (10.38) | 0.595 |
| Sex (%) | 0.582 | |||
| Male | 2,104 (53%) | 1,067 (54%) | 1,037 (52%) | |
| Female | 1,660 (47%) | 815 (46%) | 845 (48%) | |
| Race/Ethnicity (%) | 0.511 | |||
| Mexican American | 220 (2.1%) | 113 (2.3%) | 107 (2.0%) | |
| Other Hispanic | 211 (2.0%) | 100 (2.2%) | 111 (1.9%) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 2,355 (84%) | 1,155 (83%) | 1,200 (84%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 690 (6.8%) | 327 (6.6%) | 363 (7.0%) | |
| Other Race | 288 (5.5%) | 187 (6.0%) | 101 (5.0%) | |
| Education level (%) | 0.236 | |||
| < High school | 894 (16%) | 438 (16%) | 456 (17%) | |
| High school | 1,051 (28%) | 520 (26%) | 531 (29%) | |
| > High school | 1,819 (56%) | 924 (58%) | 895 (55%) | |
| Marital status (%) | 0.975 | |||
| Unmarried | 3,329 (90%) | 1,674 (90%) | 1,655 (90%) | |
| Married | 435 (10%) | 208 (10%) | 227 (10%) | |
| PIR | 3.08 ± (1.63) | 3.08 ± (1.62) | 3.07 ± (1.63) | 0.919 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.55 ± (6.13) | 28.65 ± (5.86) | 28.45 ± (6.39) | 0.121 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 101.42 ± (15.48) | 101.42 ± (14.87) | 101.43 ± (16.07) | 0.581 |
| WHtR | 0.60 ± (0.09) | 0.60 ± (0.09) | 0.60 ± (0.09) | 0.376 |
| Physical activity (%) | 0.520 | |||
| Inactive | 2,959 (78%) | 1,486 (79%) | 1,473 (78%) | |
| Active | 805 (22%) | 396 (21%) | 409 (22%) | |
| Smoking status (%) | 0.402 | |||
| No | 1,008 (27%) | 501 (28%) | 507 (27%) | |
| Yes | 2,756 (73%) | 1,381 (72%) | 1,375 (73%) | |
| Hypertension (%) | 0.752 | |||
| No | 1,769 (52%) | 893 (53%) | 876 (52%) | |
| Yes | 1,995 (48%) | 989 (47%) | 1,006 (48%) | |
| Diabetes (%) | 0.617 | |||
| No | 2,952 (83%) | 1,475 (84%) | 1,477 (83%) | |
| Yes | 812 (17%) | 407 (16%) | 405 (17%) | |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 0.587 | |||
| No | 3,461 (94%) | 1,734 (94%) | 1,727 (94%) | |
| Yes | 303 (5.8%) | 148 (5.6%) | 155 (6.1%) | |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 0.492 | |||
| No | 3,376 (91%) | 1,696 (92%) | 1,680 (91%) | |
| Yes | 388 (8.8%) | 186 (8.5%) | 202 (9.2%) | |
| Heart disease (%) | 0.757 | |||
| No | 3,399 (92%) | 1,704 (93%) | 1,695 (92%) | |
| Yes | 365 (7.6%) | 178 (7.4%) | 187 (7.8%) | |
| Stroke (%) | 0.706 | |||
| No | 3,497 (94%) | 1,745 (95%) | 1,752 (94%) | |
| Yes | 267 (5.7%) | 137 (5.5%) | 130 (5.8%) | |
| Magnesium intake (mg) | 298.41 ± (128.27) | 298.00 ± (123.18) | 298.82 ± (133.24) | 0.695 |
| Calcium intake (mg) | 934.73 ± (514.88) | 935.15 ± (524.25) | 934.31 ± (505.40) | 0.990 |
| Vitamin D intake (mcg) | 4.93 ± (5.26) | 4.97 ± (5.65) | 4.88 ± (4.84) | 0.631 |
| Fat intake score | 4.96 ± (3.91) | 5.23 ± (3.87) | 4.68 ± (3.94) | 0.002 |
| Protein intake score | 2.55 ± (3.10) | 2.73 ± (3.17) | 2.37 ± (3.02) | 0.010 |
| Carbohydrate intake score | 4.02 ± (3.16) | 4.13 ± (3.14) | 3.92 ± (3.18) | 0.045 |
| LCD score | 11.53 ± (7.06) | 12.09 ± (7.05) | 10.96 ± (7.02) | <0.001 |
Mean ± SD for continuous variables: p values were calculated using weighted Student’s t-tests. For categorical variables, n (%), p values were calculated using weighted Chi-square tests. PIR, poverty-to-income ratio; BMI, body mass index; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; LCD score, low-carbohydrate-diet score; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.