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. 2025 Jan 7;93(1):e70039. doi: 10.1111/aji.70039

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© 2025 The Author(s). American Journal of Reproductive Immunology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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graphic file with name AJI-93-e70039-g010.jpg — Monocyte activation in response to SARS‐CoV‐2 (S, N, M) and Zika Virus M (Zv) peptide. PBMCs from non‐pregnant females were stimulated for 6 h (n = 5) and 24 h (n = 6) with SARS‐CoV‐2 S, N, M and Zika virus M peptide. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the general percentage of activation marker expression (A) in the general monocyte population and (B) in monocyte subsets; classical (CD16⁻CD14⁺⁺), intermediate (CD16⁺CD14⁺⁺), and non‐classical monocyte (CD16⁺⁺CD14⁺) subtypes. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

graphic file with name AJI-93-e70039-g005.jpg — Monocyte activation in response to SARS‐CoV‐2 (S, N, M) and Zika Virus M (Zv) peptide. PBMCs from non‐pregnant females were stimulated for 6 h (n = 5) and 24 h (n = 6) with SARS‐CoV‐2 S, N, M and Zika virus M peptide. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the general percentage of activation marker expression (A) in the general monocyte population and (B) in monocyte subsets; classical (CD16⁻CD14⁺⁺), intermediate (CD16⁺CD14⁺⁺), and non‐classical monocyte (CD16⁺⁺CD14⁺) subtypes. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.