Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and comorbidities of Medicaid beneficiaries in states with podiatric services coverage for their Medicaid programs (CS) or without such coverage (NCS).
| Total | CS (n = 14,748) | NCS (n = 2157) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean), years | 48.9 | 48.9 | 49.0 | 0.70 |
| Age group, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| <40 | 3360 (19.9) | 2960 (20.1) | 400 (18.5) | |
| 40–54 | 6972 (41.2) | 6453 (44.0) | 519 (24.1) | |
| 55–65 | 6502 (38.5) | 5305 (35.9) | 1197 (55.5) | |
| Male gender, n (%) | 8556 (50.6) | 7521 (51.1) | 1035 (48.0) | 0.03 |
| CCI (mean) | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.6 | <0.01 |
| 0–4 | 14,862 (87.9) | 13,044 (88.4) | 1818 (84.3) | |
| 5–9 | 1755 (10.4) | 1473 (10.0) | 282 (13.1) | |
| 10–14 | 226 (1.34) | 207 (1.6) | 19 (0.9) | |
| CVD, n (%) | 5220 (30.9) | 4513 (30.6) | 707 (32.8) | 0.04 |
| CHF, n (%) | 4126 (24.4) | 3628 (24.6) | 498 (23.1) | 0.13 |
| COPD, n (%) | 9258 (64.8) | 8084 (54.8) | 1174 (54.4) | 0.75 |
| CAD, n (%) | 6793 (40.2) | 5973 (40.5) | 820 (38.0) | 0.03 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 15,299 (90.5) | 13,362 (90.6) | 1937 (89.8) | 0.27 |
| CKD, n (%) | 6142 (36.3) | 5495 (35.9) | 647 (30.0) | <0.01 |
| Renal failure, n (%) | 4079 (24.1) | 3613 (24.5) | 466 (21.6) | <0.01 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 9876 (58.4) | 8642 (58.6) | 1234 (57.2) | 0.22 |
| Severe liver disease, n (%) | 776 (4.6) | 664 (4.5) | 112 (5.2) | <0.01 |
| PAD, n (%) | 7306 (43.2) | 6342 (43.0) | 964 (44.7) | 0.15 |
| Gangrene, n (%) | 1999 (11.8) | 1755 (11.9) | 244 (11.3) | 0.45 |
| Infection, n (%) | 12,182 (72.1) | 10,545 (71.5) | 1637 (75.9) | <0.01 |
Abbreviations: CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index, CVD = cerebrovascular disease, CKD = chronic kidney disease, CHF = chronic heart failure, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CAD = coronary artery disease, PAD = peripheral artery disease.