Summary of findings 3. Summary of findings table ‐ Varenicline compared to control for nicotine vaping cessation.
| Varenicline compared to control for nicotine vaping cessation | ||||||
| Patient or population: nicotine vaping cessation Setting: any (Italy and USA) Intervention: varenicline Comparison: control | ||||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with control | Risk with varenicline | |||||
| Vaping cessation at 6 months or longer follow‐up: 6 months | 24 per 100 | 49 per 100 (26 to 89) | RR 2.00 (1.09 to 3.68) | 140 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ Lowa | |
| Change in combustible tobacco use at 6 months or longer ‐ not reported | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | No studies reported this outcome. |
| Number of participants reporting SAEs follow‐up: range 3 months to 6 months | Absolute effects: n/a (the one study contributing to this comparison that reported events did not report events in the control arm, so an accurate absolute risk for the treatment group could not be calculated) RR 2.60 (95% CI 0.11 to 62.16) | 130 (3 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ Lowb | Two of the three studies in this comparison reporting SAEs reported zero events in both arms and so only one study with 95 participants contributes to the effect estimate. | ||
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | ||||||
| See interactive version of this table: https://gdt.gradepro.org/presentations/#/isof/isof_question_revman_web_451184323175229067. | ||||||
a Downgraded two levels due to imprecision: small number of events (n = 36) reported across study arms. b Downgraded two levels due to imprecision: very few events and 95% CI incorporates the potential for benefit, harm, and no effect of the intervention.