Figure 2.

Picture of the operative field of the shunt closure and schematic illustration of the patient’s heart and surgically corrected heart. (A) Hepatic vein (HV) connected to the left atrium and patent foramen ovale (PFO), confirmed by left atriotomy through the Waterston's groove after cardiopulmonary bypass. (B) Confirming that no remnant shunt exists, after temporarily stopping cardiopulmonary bypass with HV and PFO closure. (C) Blue arrows show normal hepatic venous drainage to inferior vena cava. Red arrows indicate left-to-right shunts through anomalous hepatic venous shunt and PFO. Purple arrow indicates mixed venous blood flow of HV and hepatic venous shunt of left atrium. White arrows indicate biatrial and right ventricular enlargement by left-to-right shunt. White circulating arrows express atrial fibrillation of patient’s heart.