Table 2.
Baseline and outcomes of the patients in validation cohort description
| Characteristics | Control | GDM | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 85 | 39 | - |
| agea, mean ± SD | 32.588 ± 3.5999 | 34.026 ± 3.224 | 0.035 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 22.229 (20.2, 24.768) | 23.53 (21.465, 27.653) | 0.068 |
| Fasted venous glucosea (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 4.5349 ± 0.3323 | 5.2167 ± 0.59188 | <0.001 |
| 1-h venous glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 8.04 (7.2, 8.935) | 10.81 (9.12, 11.14) | <0.001 |
| 2-h venous glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 6.895 (5.6975, 7.45) | 9.04 (8.15, 10.09) | <0.001 |
| Biochemistry | |||
| AST (U/L), median (IQR) | 16 (13.5, 18) | 17 (14, 21) | 0.160 |
| ALT (U/L), median (IQR) | 14 (10, 19) | 15 (12, 21) | 0.170 |
| GGT (U/L), median (IQR) | 14 (11, 21.5) | 15 (12, 21) | 0.419 |
| ALP (U/L), median (IQR) | 60.5 (51.45, 71.8) | 64.3 (55.1, 73.4) | 0.536 |
| TBA (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.94 (1.235, 3.18) | 1.97 (1.22, 3.18) | 0.658 |
| UA (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 287.5 (251.52, 326.28) | 319.3 (266.5, 361.9) | 0.030 |
| Cys_Ca (mg/L), mean ± SD | 0.66349 ± 0.12413 | 0.67514 ± 0.11873 | 0.632 |
| CHOLa (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 4.6249 ± 0.69325 | 4.938 ± 0.76761 | 0.034 |
| TG (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 0.86 (0.65, 1.105) | 0.97 (0.775, 1.595) | 0.095 |
| HDL_Ca (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 1.4592 ± 0.33777 | 1.4003 ± 0.32736 | 0.388 |
| LDL_Ca (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 2.7592 ± 0.64989 | 3.0591 ± 0.7699 | 0.035 |
| sd_LDL (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 0.6508 (0.53482, 0.91505) | 0.8463 (0.5787, 1.1877) | 0.013 |
| HCY (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 7.685 (6.2275, 9.9675) | 7.79 (6.0325, 8.8675) | 0.504 |
| FBG (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 5.25 (4.9325, 5.4225) | 5.445 (5.0775, 5.7875) | 0.016 |
| FINS, median (IQR) | 9.65 (6.725, 12.875) | 9.75 (7.5, 15.8) | 0.339 |
| Pregnancy outcomes | |||
| Gestational age at delivery (IQR) | 39 (38, 39) | 38 (37, 39) | 0.138 |
| Preterm birth | 10 (8.1%) | 7 (5.6%) | 0.353 |
| Birth weight (g), median (IQR) | 3300 (2960, 3600) | 3300 (2975, 3750) | 0.423 |
| Birth height (cm), median (IQR) | 50 (49, 51) | 50 (49, 51) | 0.533 |
| Neonatal mortality | 0 | 0 | - |
| Fetal macrosomia | 5 (5.95%) | 6 (15.38%) | 0.088 |
Preterm birth: birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation or fewer than 259 days from the first date of the woman’s last menstrual period.
BMI body mass index, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine transaminase, GGT γ-glutamyl transpeptadase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, TBA total bile acid, UA uric acid, Cys_C cystatin C, CHOL total cholesterol, TG triacylglycerol, HDL_C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL_C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, sd_LDL small dense low-density lipoprotein, HCY homocysteine, GLU fasting blood glucose, FINS fasting insulin.
aData are presented as mean ± SD, and the remaining data are presented as numbers or median (IQR).