Fig. 11.

Overexpression of PTCD1 promoted the proliferation, viability, migration and invasion of ccRCC cells in vitro. Expression levels of PTCD1 mRNA in HK-2 and four ccRCC cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR (a). qRT-PCR revealed that PTCD1 was markedly upregulated by pLV-PTCD1 in the 786o and ACHN cells (b). Upregulation of PTCD1 markedly promoted the proliferation (c, d) and viability (e, f) of 786o and ACHN cells; Transwell invasion assays accessing the invasive ability of 786o and ACHN cells (g, h); Wound-healing assays accessing the invasive ability of 786o and ACHN cells (i, j); Colony formation assays showed the more colonies in pLV-PTCD1 cells than LV-NC cells (k, l); Upregulation of PTCD1 increased the level of β‐catenin, and contributed the phosphorylation of AKT at Ser473, GSK-3β at Ser9 (M). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001