Table 4.

Input Parameters for the Experiments.

Input Parameters	Values/ Range of Parameters	Rationale for Selecting Parameters
Temperature	−10, 0, 15, 30, 45(°C)	These temperatures simulate real-world operating environments, from freezing to hot climates, prevalent in regions such as Far-East Asia, South Asia, and Latin America. In addition, the range aligns with MIL-STD-810G standards to represent the harsh conditions typical of these regions.
Humidity	0, 50, 100 (%)	Selected to cover a wide range of moisture levels from dry to extremely humid, representing the climates found in South-East Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
Engine RPM	1000, 1500, 2000 (RPM)	The RPM values have been chosen based on the operation of smaller engines used in urban environments with stop-and-go traffic regions such as South-Asia, Far-east Asia, and Africa where traffic congestion and low-speed driving are common. Lower RPM engines are more fuel-efficient, a key concern in these regions.
Vibration Signal	0.5 g m/s2	A continuous vibration signal of 0.5 g m/s2, which is half the value of allowable vibration for military vehicles as recommended by the MIL-STD-810G standard, has been applied to device under test (DUT)/ vehicle engine to simulate the surface and road discontinuities. while moving on the road.
Bearing Condition	Healthy, Faulty	Testing both healthy and faulty journal bearings allows for robust fault detection analysis under real-world conditions.