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. 2024 Dec 26;15:1483000. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1483000

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Copyright © 2024 Matsumoto, Imanishi, Yamanaka-Takaichi, Hirae, Tsuruta and Nakai

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Changes in the dermatitis score, scratch number, and skin thickness in Dfb-induced AD mice after shower treatment. (A) The mice were treated with a UFB shower or normal shower for 7-14 days. (B) The dermatitis score was defined by five symptoms (pruritus, erythema, edema/papulation, excoriation, and scaling/dryness). (C) The scratch number was counted for 30-60 minutes and compared to the number before treatment. (D) The back skin of the mouse was collected and sectioned to measure skin thickness by NDP view 2. Scale bars: 100 μm. (E) The average of three areas of thickened epidermis. Dfb, Dermatophagoides farinae body; AD, atopic dermatitis; UFB, ultrafine bubble; **p < 0.01. Data represent means ± SE.