Table 2.

Issues concerning cross-arm structures and the suggestions provided by diverse research endeavors.

Research	Type of Beam	Finding	Ref.
Experimental and theoretical study on small and large deflection due to concentrated tip load	Single composite cantilever beam	The study used finite element analysis solution to verify a novel method for calculating large deflection by utilising the fundamental idea of small deflection.	58–60
Bending behaviour study of a beam subjected to combined tip loading	Single cantilever beam	The deflection characteristic equation of the beam for any combination of loading and deflection parameters was introduced in this study.	61–64
Mechanical behaviour of a beam by using Numerical analysis study	4 members composite assembled beam	The experiment from the finite element analysis was used to validate the composite cross-arm’s maximum deflection behaviour under simultaneous load.	65,66
Bending behaviour study of a beam subjected to different wire loading condition	3 members of wood assembled beam	Maximum deflection behaviour of full-scale wooden cross-arm was investigated experimentally and numerically.	40
Experimental and Numerical analysis study of Creep behaviour	3 members of composite assembled beam	For long-term applications, the bracing system is used for the cross-arm structures and suggested as a way to increase service life and thereby decrease maintenance work.	48