Table 3.
Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the prevalence of infertility using urine VOCs.
| Non-adjusted |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | P-value | OR (95%CI) | P-value | OR (95%CI) | P-value | |
| 2MHA | ||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 1.00 (0.55, 1.80) | 0.99 | 1.00 (0.55, 1.84) | 0.99 | 0.848 (0.455, 1.580) | 0.60 |
| Q3 | 1.63 (0.94, 2.80) | 0.08 | 1.72 (0.98, 3.02) | 0.06 | 1.331 (0.727, 2.435) | 0.35 |
| Q4 | 1.52 (0.88, 2.63) | 0.14 | 1.52 (0.85, 2.71) | 0.15 | 1.175 (0.596, 2.319) | 0.64 |
| P for trend | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.27 | |||
| 3,4–MHA | ||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 1.28 (0.69, 2.36) | 0.43 | 1.39 (0.74, 2.59) | 0.31 | 1.202 (0.630, 2.291) | 0.58 |
| Q3 | 2.05 (1.16, 3.63) | 0.01 | 2.15 (1.19, 3.86) | 0.01 | 1.721 (0.906, 3.271) | 0.10 |
| Q4 | 1.98 (1.12, 3.51) | 0.02 | 2.22 (1.21, 4.05) | 0.01 | 1.893 (0.926, 3.873) | 0.08 |
| P for trend | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | |||
| AAMA | ||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 1.36 (0.76, 2.44) | 0.30 | 1.30 (0.72, 2.36) | 0.38 | 1.065 (0.575, 1.973) | 0.84 |
| Q3 | 1.69 (0.96, 2.97) | 0.07 | 1.77 (1.00, 3.16) | <0.05 | 1.310 (0.692, 2.479) | 0.41 |
| Q4 | 1.59 (0.90, 2.80) | 0.11 | 1.65 (0.92, 2.98) | 0.09 | 0.987 (0.464, 2.098) | 0.97 |
| P for trend | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.71 | |||
| AMCC | ||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 1.57 (0.81, 3.02) | 0.18 | 1.58 (0.81, 3.09) | 0.18 | 1.558 (0.785, 3.090) | 0.20 |
| Q3 | 2.25 (1.21, 4.17) | 0.01 | 2.26 (1.20, 4.25) | 0.01 | 2.057 (1.042, 4.060) | 0.04 |
| Q4 | 3.24 (1.78, 5.88) | 0.01 | 3.21 (1.72, 6.01) | 0.01 | 2.910 (1.329, 6.372) | 0.01 |
| P for trend | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |||
| ATCA | ||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 1.14 (0.65, 2.01) | 0.65 | 1.19 (0.67, 2.11) | 0.56 | 1.110 (0.618, 1.994) | 0.73 |
| Q3 | 1.37 (0.79, 2.38) | 0.26 | 1.51 (0.85, 2.68) | 0.16 | 1.176 (0.641, 2.157) | 0.60 |
| Q4 | 1.40 (0.81, 2.42) | 0.22 | 1.49 (0.84, 2.64) | 0.17 | 0.966 (0.501, 1.864) | 0.92 |
| P for trend | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.89 | |||
| SBMA | ||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 1.34 (0.76, 2.35) | 0.31 | 1.44 (0.81, 2.56) | 0.21 | 1.190 (0.654, 2.165) | 0.57 |
| Q3 | 1.43 (0.82, 2.48) | 0.21 | 1.46 (0.82, 2.57) | 0.20 | 1.018 (0.547, 1.894) | 0.95 |
| Q4 | 1.38 (0.79, 2.41) | 0.26 | 1.35 (0.75, 2.41) | 0.32 | 0.830 (0.420, 1.640) | 0.59 |
| P for trend | 0.27 | 0.36 | 0.59 | |||
| CEMA | ||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 0.92 (0.51, 1.66) | 0.77 | 0.92 (0.50, 1.67) | 0.78 | 0.743 (0.397, 1.391) | 0.35 |
| Q3 | 1.52 (0.88, 2.61) | 0.13 | 1.53 (0.88, 2.68) | 0.13 | 1.109 (0.596, 2.064) | 0.74 |
| Q4 | 1.50 (0.87, 2.57) | 0.14 | 1.50 (0.85, 2.67) | 0.16 | 0.913 (0.439, 1.897) | 0.81 |
| P for trend | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.92 | |||
| CYMA | ||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 1.70 (0.92, 3.15) | 0.09 | 1.62 (0.87, 3.02) | 0.13 | 1.494 (0.784, 2.847) | 0.22 |
| Q3 | 2.21 (1.23, 3.99) | 0.01 | 2.20 (1.20, 4.02) | 0.01 | 1.750 (0.900, 3.404) | 0.10 |
| Q4 | 2.15 (1.19, 3.89) | 0.01 | 2.34 (1.25, 4.38) | 0.01 | 2.278 (1.007, 5.153) | 0.04 |
| P for trend | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |||
| DHBMA | ||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 0.90 (0.47, 1.72) | 0.76 | 0.91 (0.47, 1.74) | 0.77 | 0.865 (0.440, 1.701) | 0.67 |
| Q3 | 2.01 (1.18, 3.48) | 0.01 | 2.15 (1.21, 3.81) | 0.01 | 1.773 (0.905, 3.476) | 0.10 |
| Q4 | 2.06 (1.18, 3.59) | 0.01 | 2.22 (1.24, 3.99) | 0.01 | 1.644 (0.681, 3.966) | 0.27 |
| P for trend | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.06 | |||
| 2HPMA | ||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 1.67 (0.93, 2.99) | 0.09 | 1.74 (0.95, 3.17) | 0.07 | 1.455 (0.783, 2.705) | 0.24 |
| Q3 | 1.61 (0.89, 2.90) | 0.11 | 1.66 (0.91, 3.05) | 0.10 | 1.232 (0.631, 2.405) | 0.54 |
| Q4 | 1.97 (1.11, 3.48) | 0.02 | 2.08 (1.15, 3.74) | 0.02 | 1.522 (0.758, 3.057) | 0.24 |
| P for trend | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.20 | |||
| 3HPMA | ||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 1.39 (0.76, 2.55) | 0.28 | 1.44 (0.78, 2.67) | 0.24 | 1.175 (0.620, 2.228) | 0.62 |
| Q3 | 1.81 (1.01, 3.23) | 0.04 | 1.81 (1.00, 3.28) | 0.04 | 1.426 (0.745, 2.730) | 0.28 |
| Q4 | 2.11 (1.19, 3.72) | 0.01 | 2.21 (1.23, 3.97) | 0.01 | 1.634 (0.788, 3.389) | 0.19 |
| P for trend | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.19 | |||
| MA | ||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 1.26 (0.68, 2.34) | 0.47 | 1.29 (0.69, 2.41) | 0.43 | 1.162 (0.610, 2.216) | 0.65 |
| Q3 | 1.88 (1.06, 3.34) | 0.03 | 1.95 (1.08, 3.51) | 0.03 | 1.550 (0.806, 2.979) | 0.19 |
| Q4 | 2.16 (1.23, 3.80) | 0.01 | 2.21 (1.23, 3.97) | 0.01 | 1.473 (0.659, 3.295) | 0.35 |
| P for trend | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.17 | |||
| MHBMA3 | ||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 1.00 (0.55, 1.84) | 0.99 | 1.02 (0.55, 1.89) | 0.94 | 0.873 (0.461, 1.653) | 0.68 |
| Q3 | 1.48 (0.85, 2.60) | 0.17 | 1.44 (0.81, 2.56) | 0.22 | 1.150 (0.605, 2.185) | 0.67 |
| Q4 | 1.91 (1.11, 3.28) | 0.02 | 1.98 (1.12, 3.50) | 0.02 | 1.650 (0.788, 3.452) | 0.18 |
| P for trend | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.09 | |||
| PGA | ||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 0.99 (0.54, 1.81) | 0.97 | 0.99 (0.54, 1.83) | 0.98 | 0.921 (0.489, 1.737) | 0.80 |
| Q3 | 1.24 (0.69, 2.21) | 0.47 | 1.33 (0.73, 2.42) | 0.35 | 1.164 (0.592, 2.289) | 0.66 |
| Q4 | 2.18 (1.28, 3.72) | 0.01 | 2.29 (1.31, 4.01) | 0.01 | 1.854 (0.839, 4.093) | 0.13 |
| P for trend | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.06 | |||
| HMPMA | ||||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 0.92 (0.51, 1.65) | 0.78 | 0.97 (0.54, 1.76) | 0.92 | 0.798 (0.430, 1.483) | 0.48 |
| Q3 | 1.13 (0.65, 1.98) | 0.66 | 1.15 (0.65, 2.04) | 0.63 | 0.800 (0.415, 1.545) | 0.51 |
| Q4 | 1.68 (0.99, 2.83) | 0.04 | 1.75 (1.01, 3.02) | 0.04 | 1.227 (0.587, 2.568) | 0.59 |
| P for trend | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.44 | |||
Non-adjusted: model without any covariates; Model 1: model adjusted by age, ethnicity, education level and PIR; Model 2: model age, ethnicity, education level, PIR, BMI, alcohol drinking, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, urine albumin and creatine. OR, odds ratio. CI, confidence interval. VOCs, volatile organic compound metabolites.