Table 3.

The association of live microbe intake with all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality in chronic kidney disease patients.

	Dietary intake of MedHi live microbesa				P for trend
	Quartile 1	Quartile 2	Quartile 3	Quartile 4
All-cause mortality
No. death/total	559/1,593	402/1593	360/1592	272/1592
Crude model	Ref.	0.91 (0.75, 1.09) 0.31	0.86 (0.73, 1.01) 0.07	0.66 (0.55, 0.80) <0.0001	<0.0001
Model 1	Ref.	0.89 (0.76, 1.05) 0.16	0.78 (0.68, 0.90) <0.001	0.68 (0.56, 0.81) <0.0001	<0.0001
Model 2	Ref.	0.88 (0.75, 1.04) 0.13	0.80 (0.69, 0.94) 0.01	0.74 (0.62, 0.90) <0.0001	<0.001
CVD mortality
No. death/total	168/478	124/478	107/478	79/478
Crude model	Ref.	0.86 (0.61, 1.21) 0.40	0.85 (0.63, 1.13) 0.27	0.60 (0.44, 0.82) 0.001	0.002
Model 1	Ref.	0.79 (0.59, 1.08) 0.14	0.76 (0.57, 0.98) 0.03	0.57 (0.42, 0.78) <0.001	<0.001
Model 2	Ref.	0.76 (0.57, 1.01) 0.06	0.78 (0.58, 1.06) 0.12	0.63 (0.45, 0.88) <0.0001	0.011
Cancer mortality
No. death/total	95/268	70/268	56/268	47/268
Crude model	Ref.	1.16 (0.81, 1.67) 0.40	0.92 (0.62, 1.37) 0.68	0.75 (0.51, 1.10) 0.14	0.068
Model 1	Ref.	1.08 (0.75, 1.57) 0.67	0.80 (0.56, 1.16) 0.24	0.66 (0.44, 0.98) 0.02	0.014
Model 2	Ref.	1.08 (0.76, 1.55) 0.66	0.81 (0.55, 1.21) 0.31	0.80 (0.52, 1.23) 0.32	0.176

^aThese results were presented as [OR value (confidence interval) P value].

Model 1 adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital status and PIR;

Model 2 further adjusted for body mass index, serum triglycerides, serum uric acid, Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, creatinine, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin), smoking, alcohol consumption, Healthy eating index (HEI-2015) score, metabolic equivalent of tasks, history of diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease.

Abbreviation: CVD: cardiovascular disease; Ref: reference; MedHi: medium and high live microbes.