Table 2.
Association between change in household income after tax from baseline to follow-up and change in household hunger score from baseline to follow-up among matched survey participants, United States, 2018–2019.
| Less Hungry vs. No Change (n = 237) | More Hungry vs. No Change (n = 214) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value |
| Age (years) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | <0.01 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 0.15 |
| Monthly Baseline Household Income | ||||
| Income Decrease | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 0.18 | 2.2 (1.1, 4.5) | 0.04 |
| Income Increase | 0.6 (0.3, 1.4) | 0.26 | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) | 0.35 |
| No Change | Ref | Ref | ||
| Education Level | ||||
| Less than High School | 1.7 (1.1, 2.7) | 0.02 | 3.0 (1.1, 8.4) | 0.04 |
| High School or Some College | 2.9 (1.2, 7.1) | 0.02 | 1.6 (0.8, 3.1) | 0.16 |
| College Graduate (4 Years) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Occupation Status at Baseline | ||||
| Working Part Time (<35 h per week) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 0.20 | 1.9 (0.7, 4.6) | 0.20 |
| Not Working ** | 0.4 (0.2, 0.8) | 0.01 | 2.7 (1.3, 5.5) | 0.01 |
| Working Full Time (>=35 h per week) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Race | ||||
| Non-Hispanic Non-White * | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.10 | 0.7 (0.3, 2.1) | 0.56 |
| Hispanic * | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) | 0.26 | 0.9 (0.4, 2.1) | 0.75 |
| Non-Hispanic White * | Ref | Ref | ||
| Marital Status | ||||
| Single/Never Married | 1.2 (0.8, 1.9) | 0.35 | 0.5 (0.2, 1.2) | 0.13 |
| Separated/Divorced/Widowed | 1.3 (0.67 2.5) | 0.47 | 0.7 (0.30 1.6) | 0.41 |
| Married/Living with Partner | Ref | Ref | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.1 (0.6, 2.1) | 0.75 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 0.16 |
| Female | Ref | Ref | ||
| Household Size | ||||
| 2 Members | 1.5 (0.5, 4.7) | 0.51 | 0.6 (0.2, 1.5) | 0.25 |
| 3 or More Members | 1.8 (0.9, 3.5) | 0.09 | 1.48 (0.8, 2.8) | 0.22 |
| 0 to 1 Member | Ref | Ref | ||
| Household Composition | ||||
| Kids (Under 18 years) in Household (Yes) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.2) | 0.97 | 1.3 (0.6, 2.9) | 0.57 |
| Seniors in Household (Yes) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) | 0.66 | 0.5 (0.4, 0.8) | <0.01 |
| Food Assistance Use in Past 30 Days | ||||
| SNAP | 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) | 0.88 | 1.8 (1.1, 23.1) | 0.02 |
| WIC | 0.8 (0.3, 2.7) | 0.74 | 0.1 (0.00, 2.3) | 0.13 |
| Food Pantry Use | 0.5(0.2, 1.3) | 0.14 | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | 0.01 |
| Any Economic Hardship (Yes) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.3) | 0.02 | 1.2 (0.7, 2.1) | 0.49 |
** “Not Working” occupation status at baseline includes the following occupation categories: unemployed, disabled, retired, homemaker, and other. * The U.S. Census’ use of the term race reflects the social definition of race that looks at peoples’ national origin or sociocultural groups. There are five racial categories: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. The term ethnicity refers to Hispanic or Latino origin and the two categories are: Hispanic or non-Hispanic. Some people may identify with multiple races or ethnicities.