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. 2025 Jan 10;15:1605. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84702-8

Table 1.

Comparison of model classification accuracy for regular CNN architecture versus SEL augmented model.

Dataset Regular SEL
MNIST 99.01% 99.05%
Fashion 90.57% 91.17%
CIFAR-10 69.09% 69.49%