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. 2025 Jan 10;16:584. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-55936-5

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — A Co-culture of CNO-stimulated Trpm5-DREADD tracheal epithelium (TE) with DCs significantly increased the percentage of CCR7-expressing DCs after 4 h (n = 6 mice) and 24 h (n = 7 mice) compared to CNO-treated Trpm5^+/+ TE co-culture with DCs (4 h: n = 4 mice, 24 h: n = 5 mice). The increase in % of CCR7⁺ DCs after 24 h was abolished by apyrase (5 U/ml) (n = 5 mice). DCs cultured alone and treated with CNO (n = 3 mice) exhibited the same percentage of CCR7-expressing cells as DCs co-cultured with Trpm5^+/+ TE. One-way ANOVA. B The number of CCR7-expressing DCs in lungs increased significantly 3 days after intratracheal tuft cell stimulation with 1 mM denatonium in Trpm5^+/+ mice in contrast to Trpm5^−/− mice (n = 4). One-way ANOVA. C In Trpm5^+/+ mice (n = 6) CCR7-expression DC counts in lymph nodes are increased 3 days after denatonium treatment, but not in Trpm5^−/− mice (n = 4). Kruskal-Wallis test. D DC migration under different experimental conditions: untreated, treated with supernatants (SN) from denatonium-treated Trpm5^+/+ mice without and with apyrase. E Quantification of (D). DCs treated with supernatants of unstimulated tracheae of Trpm5^+/+, Trpm5-DREADD, Trpm5^−/− and Trpm5-DTA mice as well as with supernatants of tracheae stimulated with 1 mM denatonium of Trpm5^+/+ mice with and without apyrase (5 U/ml), of denatonium-treated Trpm5^−/− and Trpm5-DTA tracheae, and from CNO-treated (100 µM) Trpm5-DREADD tracheae with and without apyrase. Wound closure was evaluated 24 h after induction of the scratch (n = 3). One-way ANOVA or two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. F Graphical summary. Stimulation of tuft cells with denatonium or CNO activates the Trpm5 channel, resulting in ATP release via pannexin 1 and tuft cell expansion. The released ATP drives DC recruitment, migration, activation, and phagocytosis, promotes T_H17 cell recruitment and IL-17A secretion. Source data are provided in the Source Data file. Date in panels A, B, C and E are presented as mean ± SEM.