Table 2.
Aqueous humor cytokine and chemokine levels in eyes with Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD group) and phakic eyes (control group)
| Cytokine | FECDph median (min; max) |
FECDpsph median (min; max) |
Control group median (min; max) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) | 0.00 (0.00; 1.29) | 0.57 (0.00; 3.25) | 0.32 (0.00; 1.03) | 0.021* |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) | 55.94 (32.46; 135.39) | 61.98 (23.73; 116.32) | 79.32 (0.58; 180.03) | 0.806 |
| Interleukin-2 (IL-2) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.62) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.00) | 1.02 (0.40; 2.27) | 0.389 |
| Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 β) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.30) | 0.01 (0.00; 0.47) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.11) | 0.436 |
| Interleukin-4 (IL-4) | 6.91 (0.00; 32.94) | 5.06 (0.00; 37.13) | 10.29 (0.00; 34.93) | 0.653 |
| Interleukin-5 (IL-5) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.14) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.33) | 0.09 (0.04; 0.19) | 0.624 |
| Interleukin-6 (IL-6) | 1.21 (0.00; 50.93) | 18.91 (1.36; 158.32) | 1.78 (0.59; 92.02) | 0.005* |
| Interleukin-8 (IL-8) | 3.79 (2.46; 9.23) | 30.30 (6.37; 66.81) | 4.89 (2.09; 33.66) | 0.001* |
| Interleukin-10 (IL-10) | 0.57 (0.27; 2.36) | 0.52 (0.39; 0.90) | 0.77 (0.33; 14.91) | 0.653 |
| Interleukin-12 (IL-12) | 5.39 (0.00; 27.22) | 5.00 (1.90; 12.78) | 0.00 (0.00; 3.81) | 0.512 |
| Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) | 0.39 (0.00; 2.38) | 0.61 (0.01; 2.39) | 0.46 (0.05; 1.67) | 0.595 |
| Interferon -γ (IFN-γ) | 0.00 (0.00; 35.71) | 0.00 (0.00; 2.19) | 0.00 (0.00; 4.05) | 0.539 |
| C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5/ENA-78) | 0.00 (0.00; 9.74) | 15.14 (0.00; 24.59) | 0.00 (0.00; 26.62) | 0.002* |
| Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-basic) | 8.82 (0.00; 342.59) | 34.72 (0.00; 122.34) | 0.00 (0.00; 46.00) | 0.512 |
| Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) | 21.08 (0.00; 62.12) | 21.08 (0.00; 93.97) | 11.06 (4.10; 41.33) | 0.412 |
| Interleukin-1-α (IL-1-α) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.00) | 0.42 (0.00; 2.08) | 1.000 |
| Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) | 290.48 (74.23; 2.516.49) | 347.78 (26.53; 1.733.89) | 107.62 (35.24; 756.03) | 0.744 |
| Interleukin-17 (IL-17) | 0.00 (0.00; 10.16) | 0.00 (0.00; 6.86) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.72) | 0.250 |
| Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2/MCP-1) | 325.80 (180.53; 633.47) | 1.777.11 (423.32; 3.784.93) | 257.88 (147.99; 939.07) | 0.001* |
| Macrophage inflammatory protein-1-α (CCL3/MIP-1 α) | 0.00 (0.00; 461.71) | 0.00 (0.00; 138.51) | 33.98 (0.00; 78.38) | 0.250 |
| Macrophage inflammatory protein-1-β (CCL4/MIP-1 β) | 0.00 (0.00; 27.29) | 11.34 (0.00; 52.72) | 0.00 (0.00; 20.56) | 0.037* |
| Thrombopoietin (TPO) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00; 15.71) | 1.000 |
| Transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF- β 3) | 312.15 (71.77; 431.12) | 312.15 (71.77; 667.80) | 306.33 (3.50; 583.16) | 0.148 |
| Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF- β 1) | 310.18 (0.00; 581.93) | 364.69 (255.56; 636.07) | 0.00 (0.00; 270.79) | 0.187 |
| Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF- β 2) | 674.87 (101.14; 1.960.84) | 838.60 (316.32; 1.369.36) | 514.81 (343.09; 1.169.11) | 0.345 |
FECDph phakic patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, FECDpsph pseudophakic patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy
p value: Group 1 (FECDph) and Group 1 (FECDpsph)
Significant differences are marked with * for p < 0.05