Table 1.
Characteristics of patients
| Variables | Total (N = 580) | RAS blocker (+) (n = 308) | RAS blocker (-) (n = 272) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 406 (70.0) | 220 (71.4) | 186 (68.4) | 0.479 |
| Age, yrs | 65.2 ± 10.5 | 63.8 ± 10.4 | 66.8 ± 10.3 | 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.5 (23.5–27.8) | 25.6 (23.6–28.3) | 25.3 (23.3–27.4) | 0.058 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 127.5 ± 16.2 | 126.4 ± 16.1 | 128.8 ± 16.3 | 0.062 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 73.0 ± 10.4 | 72.7 ± 10.0 | 73.3 ± 10.9 | 0.523 |
| DM | 164 (28.3) | 92 (29.9) | 72 (26.5) | 0.415 |
| Cancer | 557 (96.0) | 296 (96.1) | 261 (96.0) | 1 |
| Cancer type | 0.584 | |||
| Renal cell carcinoma | 387 (69.7) | 212 (71.9) | 175 (67.3) | |
| Urothelial cell carcinoma | 128 (23.1) | 62 (21.0) | 66 (25.4) | |
| Liposarcoma | 21 (3.8) | 12 (4.1) | 9 (3.5) | |
| Other | 19 (3.4) | 9 (3.1) | 10 (3.8) | |
| Cancer stages | 0.783 | |||
| Stage 1 | 246 (42.4) | 130 (42.2) | 116 (42.6) | |
| Stage 2 | 94 (16.2) | 46 (14.9) | 48 (17.6) | |
| Stage 3 | 171 (29.5) | 97 (31.5) | 74 (27.2) | |
| Stage 4 | 44 (7.6) | 22 (7.1) | 22 (8.1) | |
| Cancer stages | 0.707 | |||
| Limited stages (1∼2) | 340 (58.6) | 176 (57.1) | 164 (60.3) | |
| Advanced stages (3∼4) | 215 (37.1) | 119 (38.6) | 96 (35.3) | |
| Adjuvant Tx., systemic | 87 (15.0) | 49 (15.9) | 38 (14.0) | 0.592 |
| Adjuvant Tx., localized | 34 (5.9) | 16 (5.2) | 18 (6.6) | 0.582 |
| PCI or CABG History | 20 (3.4) | 13 (4.2) | 7 (2.6) | 0.391 |
| CVA | 32 (5.5) | 14 (4.5) | 18 (6.6) | 0.364 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 23 (4.0) | 11 (3.6) | 12 (4.4) | 0.761 |
| Dyslipidemia | 35 (6.0) | 18 (5.8) | 17 (6.2) | 0.976 |
| Smoking History | 0.581 | |||
| None | 303 (60.0) | 161 (60.8) | 142 (59.2) | |
| Ex | 144 (28.5) | 71 (26.8) | 73 (30.4) | |
| Current | 58 (11.5) | 33 (12.5) | 25 (10.4) | |
| Drinking History | 0.896 | |||
| None | 303 (60.4) | 160 (60.6) | 143 (60.1) | |
| Ex | 85 (16.9) | 46 (17.4) | 39 (16.4) | |
| Current | 114 (22.7) | 58 (22.0) | 56 (23.5) | |
| Beta-blockers | 118 (20.3) | 50 (16.2) | 68 (25.0) | 0.012 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 390 (67.2) | 177 (57.5) | 213 (78.3) | < 0.001 |
| Diuretics | 157 (27.1) | 105 (34.1) | 52 (19.1) | < 0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication count | < 0.001 | |||
| 1 | 282 (48.6) | 67 (21.8) | 215 (79.0) | |
| 2 | 213 (36.7) | 160 (51.9) | 53 (19.5) | |
| 3 | 75 (12.9) | 71 (23.1) | 4 (1.5) | |
| 4 | 10 (1.7) | 10 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 77.6 ± 18.4 | 79.4 ± 17.1 | 75.5 ± 19.6 | 0.013 |
| eGFR < 60 | 96 (16.5) | 38 (12.3) | 58 (21.3) | 0.004 |
| eGFR < 30 | 7 (1.2) | 2 (0.6) | 5 (1.8) | 0.205 |
| BUN, mg/dl | 17.0 ± 5.8 | 16.7 ± 5.2 | 17.2 ± 6.4 | 0.292 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 13.4 ± 1.9 | 13.4 ± 2.0 | 13.4 ± 1.8 | 0.979 |
| Uric acid, mg/dl | 5.6 ± 1.6 | 5.7 ± 1.6 | 5.5 ± 1.6 | 0.039 |
| Potassium, mmol/l | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 0.264 |
| Urine albumin | 0.865 | |||
| Negative | 400 (69.3) | 216 (70.8) | 184 (67.6) | |
| Trace | 75 (13.0) | 38 (12.5) | 37 (13.6) | |
| + | 48 (8.3) | 25 (8.2) | 23 (8.5) | |
| ++ | 35 (6.1) | 18 (5.9) | 17 (6.2) | |
| +++ | 19 (3.3) | 8 (2.6) | 11 (4.0) | |
| Hospital stays, d | 8.0 (8.0–10.0) | 8.0 (8.0–9.0) | 8.0 (8.0–10.0) | 0.22 |
| Interval to first visit after surgery, d | 30.0 (26.0–36.0) | 30.0 (26.0–36.0) | 30.0 (27.0–37.5) | 0.307 |
| Follow up periods, mo | 31.9 ± 7.9 | 32.7 ± 6.7 | 30.9 ± 8.9 | 0.005 |
| Overall mortality | 78 (13.4) | 34 (11.0) | 44 (16.2) | 0.070 |
BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range), and categorical variables are expressed as numbers (%).