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. 2024 Dec 2;16(12):519. doi: 10.3390/toxins16120519

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Inflammatory mechanisms induced by SVMPs (orange color boxes) isolated from various snake species. TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL, interleukin; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; vWF, von Willebrand factor.