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. 2025 Jan 13;77:9. doi: 10.1186/s43044-025-00605-7

Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies

References Country Patient number Number of cases with AF recurrence CA details Mean follow-up months Type of study NOS Risk factors involved
Koyama et al. [55] Japan 186 72 RF-CPVI 6 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

ER
Wokhlu et al. [15] USA 774 277 RF-CPVI 36 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

Diabetes, LAD,

AF Types

Yang et al. [51] China 138 80 RF-CPVI plus 9.5 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

LAD
Yoshida et al. [30] USA 79 13 RF-CPVI 6 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

Age, Ablation time
Gu et al. [47] China 150 36 RF-CPVI 22.9 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

LAD
Cha et al. [16] USA 368 97 RF-CPVI 12 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

AF Types, CHF,

Female

Richter et al. [52] Austria 30 16 RF-CPVI 6 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

hs-CRP

Roland Richard

(2012)

Germany 202 111

RF-CPVI

plus

56 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

AF duration
Sotomi et al. [53] Japan 392 40 RF-CPVI 32.4 case control study

7

(3/2/2)

hs-CRP
Morris et al. [23] Germany 84 19 RF-CPVI 19.2 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

CHF
Kalil et al. [48] Brazil 102 33

RF-CPVI

plus

8 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

LAD
Park et al. [28] Korea 576 80

RF-CPVI

plus

13.1 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

Age, ER
Deftereos et al. [18] Greece 206 83 RF-CPVI 15 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

LAD, CHF
Kumar et al. [38] USA 124 49 RF-CPVI 11.8 case control study

8

(3/2/3)

AF Types
Kim et al. [37] Korea 665 176

RF-CPVI

plus

19.3 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

AF Types
Bohó et al. [34] Slovakia 205 15 CB-RFCA 34 case control study

8

(3/2/3)

AF Types
Teunissen et al. [40] Netherlands 509 299 RF-CPVI 66 cohort study

8

(4/2/2)

AF Types, AF duration
Dallaglio et al. [17] Spain 666 19 RF-CPVI 45 case control study

7

(3/2/2)

CHF, Female
Cabanelas et al. [49] Spain 94 42 NA NA cohort study

7

(4/2/1)

LAD
Park et al. [43] Korea 141 103 RF-CPVI 25 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

AF duration, Age
Yingxian et al. [45] China 55 30 NA 40 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

AF duration
Deng et al. [19] China 1410 365 RF-CPVI 20.7 case control study

8

(3/2/3)

AF Types, Age

LAD, CHF

Carballo et al. [31] Switzerland 195 101 RF-CPVI 6 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

Ablation time,

hs-CRP

Arora et al. [13] USA 37,360 1964 NA 3 case control study

8

(3/2/3)

Diabetes

female

Linhart et al. [39] Spain 94 40 RF-CPVI 15 cohort study

8

(4/2/2)

AF Types
Kim et al. [26] Korea 874 195

RF-CPVI

plus

29.9 cohort study

8

(4/2/2)

Age, LAVI
Knecht et al. [42] Switzerland 129 36 RF-CPVI 24 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

AF duration
Bisbal et al. [33] Spain 243 105

RF-CPVI

CB-CPVI

43 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

AF Types
Fredersdorf et al. [36] Germany 122 24 RF-CPVI 51.1 cohort study

8

(4/2/2)

AF Types
Lambert et al. [24] Czech Republic 61 43 RF-CPVI 19.5 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

Female
Stabile et al. [32] Italy 2519 571 RF-CPVI 46.2 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

Ablation time, AF duration
Wang et al. [14] USA 351 134 RF-CPVI 29.5 case control study

8

(3/2/3)

Diabetes, AF Types
Deng et al. [20] China 1407 365

RF-CPVI

CB-CPVI

20.7 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

AF Types, LAD, Age

CHF, ER

Deng et al. [25] China 1410 365 CB-CPVI 20.7 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

AF Types, LAD, Age

hs-CRP, ER

Sabina Istratoaie

(2019)

Romania 80 30 RF-CPVI 14 case control study

8

(3/2/3)

LAVI
Shang et al. [50] China 100 31 CB-CPVI 13.4 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

LAD
Donnellan et al. [21] USA 591 271

RF-CPVI

plus

32 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

AF Types, LAVI
Donnellan et al. [35] USA 267 87

RF-CPVI

plus

29 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

CHF
Donnellan et al. [46] USA 478 220 RF-CPVI 29 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

LAD
Yu et al. [41] Korea 1005 313

RF-CPVI

plus

24 cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

AF Types
Lili et al. [27] China 120 38 CB-CPVI 12 case control study

8

(3/2/3)

LAD, Age,hs-CRP,

AF duration

Shchetynska et al. [29] Germany 205 88 NA 21 case control study

8

(3/2/3)

Age
Kaneko et al. [22] Japan 568 91

RF-CPVI

CB-CPVI

14 case control study

8

(3/2/3)

CHF
Hodges et al. [88] Denmark 7339 2801 NA NA cohort study

9

(4/2/3)

ER

CB, cry balloon; LAD, left atrial dimension; LAVI, left atrial volume indexed; PV, Pulmonary Vein