Table 1.

Sources, extraction methods and properties of CNCs derived from renewable resources.

Extraction Method	Plant Source	Yield (%)	Aspect Ratio	Diameter (nm)	Crystallinity (%)	References
Acid Hydrolysis	Cotton	20–30	10–20	3–6	65–85	[72]
	Tunicate	65–75	4–7	4–6	90–95	[73]
	Sugarcane bagasse	32.3	45	20–30	72	[74]
Enzymatic Hydrolysis	Cotton	30–40	30–50	5–10	70–80	[75]
	Ramie	58.5	19–36	5–20	71.3	[76]
	Wood pulp	31.4	15–25	4–6	80	[77]
Mechanical Shearing	Tunicate	70–85	100–200	5–10	86–97	[78]
	Wood pulp	25	30–50	5–20	70–80	[79]
	Sugarcane bagasse	19.1	22–30	5–20	70–75	[80]