Table 3.

Mixed effects models of associations between parental use of routines^a, limits^b, and meeting the Canadian 24-hour screen time guideline^c (3,628 observations).

	Meeting the Canadian 24-Hour screen time guideline during COVID-19
	Unadjusted			Adjusted for covariatesd − pre-COVID-19 screen time			Adjusted for covariatesd + pre-COVID-19 screen time
	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
Routines
<3 years (591 observations)	0.62	0.43, 0.89	0.01	0.55	0.35, 0.84	<0.01	0.59	0.38, 0.88	0.03
3–4.99 years (907 observations)	0.91	0.73, 1.10	0.35	0.94	0.75, 1.19	0.61	0.96	0.77, 1.23	0.75
≥5 years (2,130 observations)	0.79	0.68, 0.92	<0.01	0.75	0.65, 0.85	<0.01	0.76	0.67, 0.87	<0.01
Limits
<3 years (591 observations)	0.64	0.43, 0.98	0.04	0.62	0.38, 0.96	0.04	0.65	0.39, 1.01	0.07
3–4.99 years (907 observations)	1.01	0.82, 1.24	0.93	1.06	0.86, 1.29	0.53	1.10	0.89, 1.35	0.38
≥5 years (2,130 observations)	0.92	0.83, 1.01	0.10	0.86	0.77, 0.94	<0.01	0.86	0.78, 0.94	<0.01

^a Question scale: throughout the day, I provide my child with 1 (a clear and orderly routine) to 7 (unstructured free time).

^b Question scale: I am the kind of parent that 1 (sets limits on what my child is allowed to do) to 7 (lets my child do whatever he or she wants).

^c Canadian 24-Hour screen time guideline: 0 min for <1 years, 60 min or less for 1–5 years, and 120 min or less for >5 years.

^d Covariates: child sex, maternal ethnicity, most recently reported pre-COVID-19 family income, employment status during COVID-19 (repeated measures), number of siblings, number of screen devices at home, parental screen time during COVID-19 (repeated measures), stringent lockdown measures; results were stratified by age (<3, 3–4.99, ≥5 years) as defined a priori based on the child developmental age groups.