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. 2024 Dec 15;30:101407. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101407

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© 2024 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 4 — In vitro ferroptosis-enhanced SDT effect triggered by TiF NPs. (A) Fluorescent imaging of LPO after various treatments, scale bar = 10 μM. (B) The intercellular MDA level after different treatments. (C) The intercellular NADH level after different treatments. (D) Ratio of intracellular NADP⁺/NADPH after various treatments. (E) The intercellular CoQ10 level after different treatments. (F) Western blotting assay of the FSP1, BAX, Casp3 expression after various treatments. (G) CLSM images of CRT expression in 4T1 cells after various treatments, scale bar = 10 μM. (H) CLSM images of HMGB1 expression in 4T1 cells after various treatments, scale bar = 10 μM. (I) The levels of released ATP in cell culture media after various treatments. (G) The levels of HMGB1 release in cell culture media after various treatments. (K) The levels of TNFα in cell culture media after various treatments. (L) The levels of IL-6 in cell culture media after various treatments. (M) Mechanisms of TiF NPs for cell membrane targeting SDT combination with FSP1 inhibition.