Table 2.
Study characteristics.
| Author (Year) | Study design | CoI (Yes/No) | Inclusion criteria | N (patients) | Follow-up | N (eyes) | Medication(s) | Time using PGA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rossi et al. [32] | Observational study | No | OAG or OH; ≥18 years | 44 | 6 months | NM | PC (BAK) LT switched to PC (PQ) TV | NM |
| Lopes et al. [33] | Multicentre, open-label, single-arm study | No | OAG and OH | 173 | 12 weeks | NM | PC-LT switched to PC (PQ) TV | PC-LT ≥ 4 weeks |
| Walimbe et al. [34] | Prospective, open-label, single-arm, multicentre study | No | POAG or OHT; ≥18 years; TBUT < 6 s | 25 | 28 and 56 days | 40 | PC-LT switched to PF-LT | >12 months |
| Moussa et al. [35] | Single-centre, prospective, open-label study | No | Newly diagnosed POAG; ≥18 years | 32 | 1, 3, 6 months | NM | PC-BM vs PC-LT vs PQ-TV vs PF-TF | Naïve |
| Rahmatnejad et al. [36] | Prospective, single-centre, open-label, nonrandomised cohort study | No | GC; ≥21 years | 55 | 1, 2 months | 110 | PC (BAK) LT vs PC (SofZia) TV | Naïve (group 1) or PC (BAK) LT users ≥1 month (group 2) |
| Wong et al. [37] | Prospective, single-centre study | No | POAG or OH; NEI score >1 | 51 | 1, 3 months | NM | PC-LT switched to PC-TF | PC-LT users > 3 months |
| Diagourtas et al. [38] | Single-centre, prospective, randomised, comparative study | No | OAG or OH; elevated IOP; signs or symptoms of OSD | 60 | 16 weeks | NM | PC-LT (Xalatan®) vs PC-LT (Lataz®) vs PC-LT (Xalaprost®) | Naïve |
| Kumar et al. [20] | Prospective study | No | POAG; ≥18 years | 46 | 1, 14, 30, 42 and 84 days | 23 | PC-LT vs PF-LT | NM |
| Lee et al. [42] | Cross-sectional study | No | NTG | 85 | One visit | 85 | PGA (PC-TF, PC-TF, PC-BM) vs CG | PGA > 1 year |
| Zaleska-Żmijewska et al. [16] | Prospective, unblinded, and single-centre | No | POAG | 90 | One study visit | 180 | PF-TF vs PC-LT vs CG | >1 year |
| Misiuk-Hojlo et al. [17] | Prospective, longitudinal, open-label, multi-centre study | No | POAG or OH; ≥18 years; Stable VF; CCT 500–580 micrometres | 140 | 15, 45, 90 days | NM | PC-LT switched to PF-LT | ≥3 months |
| Lopes et al. [19] | Prospective observational study | No | ≥18 years; DED | 11 | 6 weeks | 22 | PC-BM, PC-LT, PC-TV switched to PF-TF | ≥6 months |
| Kumar et al. [19] | Prospective observational study | No | POAG; ≥40 years | 110 | 12 months | NM | PC (BAK) TV vs PC (PQ) TV vs CG | ≥6 months |
| El Ameen et al. [22] | Observational, cross-sectional, clinical study | No | OAG or OH; ≥18 years; PGA: PC-LT, PC-TV, PC-BM, PF-LT | 82 | 6 months | 161 | PF-LT vs PC-LT, PC-TV, PC-BM | ≥6 months |
| Ha et al. [23] | Retrospective | No | OAG | 80 | 12 months | NM | PC-PGA (PC-LT, PC-TF) vs PF-PGA (PF-LT, PF-TF) vs CG | 1 year |
| Lee et al. (2019) | Cross-sectional | No | GC; Naïve; PC-TF; or PF-TF users | 152 | 6, 24 months | 152 | PF-TF for 6 months vs PC-TF for 6 months vs PF-TF for 24 months vs PC-TF for 24 months vs CG | 6 or 24 months |
| Sedlak et al. [25] | Cross-sectional | No | 18–70 years | 108 | One visit | 216 | PF-LT vs PC-LT vs PF-TF vs PC-BM vs CG | 6–12 months |
| Kumar et al. [21] | Research study | No | POAG; >40 years; Mild-moderate glaucoma; IOP controlled for 3 months | 110 | One visit | NA | PC-TV vs PF-TV vs CG | ≤6 months |
| Ruangvaravat et al. [26] | Prospective, randomised, investigator-masked, single-blinded, open-label study | No | POAG; PGA user except TF; 18–80 years; OSD; TBUT < 10 s; CFS grade >1; No other types of drops used <3 months | 30 | 6, 12, 24 weeks | 60 | PC-LT, PC-BM, and PC-TV switched to PC-TF and PF-TF | ≥6 months |
| Guo et al. [27] | Prospective study | No | ≥18 years; Newly diagnosed NTG; No MGD-related signs | 46 | 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months | 84 | PC-PGA vs PF-PGA vs PC-PGA + 3% DQ | ≤2 weeks |
| Erb et al. [28] | Multicentre, transverse, epidemiological survey | No | GC or OH | 1 872 | One visit | NA | PF-LT vs PC-PGA, PF-PGA | Naïve or PF LT ≥ 3 months |
| Hagras et al. [29] | Prospective, randomised, crossover study | No | POAG; >40 years; IOP 21–32 mmHg | 30 | 5 months | 30 | PF-TF vs PF-LT | NM |
| Seong et al. [30] | Prospective, open-label, observational study | No | POAG; 19–80 years; IOP stable; Stable VF; CCT 500–580 μm | 27 | 45, 90 days | 54 | PC-PGA switched to PF-LT | ≥6 months |
| Muz et al. [31] | Prospective study | No | POAG or OH | 44 | 1, 3, 6, 12 months | 44 | PC (PQ) TV vs PC (BAK) LT | Naïve |
| Wu et al. [41] | Prospective, randomised, controlled study | No | GC or OH; ≥20 years | 84 | 1, 4 months | 150 | PC-LT vs PF-BM | Naïve |
| Kim et al. [39] | Parallel-grouped, investigator-blind, active-control, randomised, multicentre clinical study | No | POAG or OH; ≥19 years; IOP of 15–40 mmHg after washout | 51 | 1, 3 months | NM | PC-LT vs PF-LT | NM |
| Kim et al. [40] | Multi-centre, randomised, investigator-blind, active controlled, parallel-group, clinical trial | No | OAG or OHT; ≥19 years; IOP of 15–35 mm Hgs | 131 | 4, 8, 12 weeks | NM | PF-TF vs PC-LT vs PF-LT | NM |
BAK benzalkonium chloride, BM bimatoprost, CCT corneal central thickness, CFS corneal fluorescein staining, CG control group, DED dry eye disease, DQ diquafosol, GC glaucoma, IOP intraocular pressure, LT latanoprost, MGD meibomian gland dysfunction, NA not applicable, NM not mentioned, NTG normo tense glaucoma, OAG open angle glaucoma, OH ocular hypertension, OSD ocular surface disease, PC preservative-container, PF preservative-free, PGA prostaglandin analogue, POAG primary open angle glaucoma, PQ polyquad, TBUT tear break-up time, TF tafluprost, TV travoprost, VF visual field, NEI National Eye Institute.