Table 4.
Symptoms reported on patients and outcomes.
| Author (Year) | Assessments | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|
| Rossi et al. [32] | OSDI | OSDI mean change was −7 points (P = 0.0027). |
| Lopes et al. [33] | Ocular discomfort score | Average score for ocular discomfort was low (1.83). Most patients preferred the new study medication (81.5%) over the previous one. |
| Walimbe et al. [34] | OSDI | Baseline score was 18.09 ± 18.61. On day 56, it decreased to 7.06 ± 10.75 (P < 0.0001). |
| Moussa et al. [35] | OSDI | PC (PQ) TV demonstrated the highest tolerance. Results between the other (PC-BM, PC-LT, and PF-TF) groups had no statistical relevance. |
| Rahmetnejad et al. [36] | OSDI | No significant difference between or within groups during the 2-month follow-up. |
| Wong et al. [37] | OSD symptoms | Foreign body sensation, irritation, itching, and photophobia showed significant changes. |
| Diagourtas et al. [38] | OSDI | The worst results were found in Xalaprost users. The most well-tolerated was Xalatan, with a mean score of 2. |
| Kumar et al. [20] | Not performed | |
| Lee et al. [42] | OSDI | No significant difference was found between those in the control group and PGA users. |
| Zaleska-Żmijewska et al. [16] | McMonnies scale (reported by patient) | Seventy percent of individuals in the control group and 43.3% in the preservative-free group reported Grade 0 scores on the McMonnies scale, indicating no ocular irritation. In contrast, only 26.7% of individuals in the PC treatment group scored Grade 0 |
| OSDI | Individuals using preservative-free treatments rated their condition as having the lowest impact on their quality of life. However, these differences were not significant, as indicated by Levene’s test (P = 0.218) and ANOVA (P = 0.374). | |
| Misiuk-Hojlo et al. [17] | Subjective symptoms evaluation | Patient subjective assessments of tolerability improved significantly, with the mean score decreasing from 5.3 (SD = 2.2) at baseline to 1.9 (SD = 1.7) at day 90 (P < 0.0001). |
| VAS scale | The mean VAS score decreased from 5.3 (SD = 2.2) at baseline (D0) to 1.9 (SD = 1.7) at day 90 (P < 0.0001). A lower VAS score indicates better tolerability. | |
| Lopes et al. [18] | OSDI | OSDI questionnaire mean score: 35.27 ± 10.67. The values after 6 weeks are not provided, although they decreased, indicating an improvement in symptoms (P < 0.0001, statistically significant). |
| Kumar et al. [19] | OSDI | Significant differences were observed in the OSDI scores between the BAK and PQ groups (16.63, P < 0.05). The mean difference in the OSDI scores between the BAK and control groups was also significant (18.96, P < 0.05). However, the OSDI scores between the PQ and control groups were similar (P > 0.05). |
| El Ameen et al. [22] | Not performed | |
| Ha et al. [23] | OSDI | Significant values were found when comparing PC-PGA vs PF-PGA (P = 0.003) and PC-PGA vs control (P = 0.001). |
| Lee et al. (2019) | OSDI | No significant difference between the four studied groups |
| Kumar et al. [21] | OSDI | The mean difference between the PF and PC groups was significant (P < 0.01). The difference between the control and PF groups was not significant. |
| GQL-15 | The mean difference between the PF and PC groups was significant (P = 0.047). The difference between the control and PF groups was not significant. | |
| Ruangvaravate et al. [26] | OSD symptoms (itching, burning, redness, tearing) | Over the course of the study, all subjective OSD symptoms improved in both groups, with statistically significant improvements observed for burning and redness symptoms. Other symptoms also improved, although the differences between weeks 0 and 24 and between groups were not statistically significant. |
| Guo et al. [27] | Not performed | |
| Erb et al. [28] | VAS scale | Patients were significantly (P < 0.0001) more satisfied with the tolerability to PF-LT than with their previous treatment. |
| Hagras et al. [29] | SPEED questionnaire | Patients reported eye discomfort in the beginning, especially hyperaemia, which improved later. Significant improvement when switching back from PC-LT treatment to PF-TF treatment. |
| Seong et al. [30] | OSDI | The results after 90 days of treatment improved significantly from a baseline value of 26.4 ± 18.5 to 15.7 ± 15.6 (P < 0.001). |
| Muz et al. [31] | OSDI | Patients reported similar results with both medications, and the results were not clinically significant. |
| Wu et al. [41] | OSDI | The results were better for PF-BM users, although the values between groups were not significant after 4 months (P = 0.1575). |
| Kim et al. [39] | OSDI | No clinically significant results were obtained when the groups were compared at visit 4 (P = 0.282). |
| Kim et al. [40] | OSDI | The PF-LT group showed significant decreases in ‘stinging/burning’, ‘dryness’, ‘light sensitivity’, and ‘pain or soreness’ symptoms at various visits compared with the PC-LT and PF-TF groups. |
BAK benzalkonium chloride, BM bimatoprost, GQL-15 glaucoma quality of life-15, LT latanoprost, OSD ocular surface disease, OSDI ocular surface disease index, PC preservative container, PF preservative-free, PGA prostaglandin analogue, PQ polyquad, TF tafluprost, VAS visual analogue scale.