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. 2024 Dec 31;8:e54438. doi: 10.2196/54438

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©Yiran Zhao, Jatin Arora, Yujie Tao, Dave B Miller, Alexander T Adams, Tanzeem Choudhury. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 31.12.2024.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Formative Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://formative.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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The craving manipulation included mental imagery of approximately 20 seconds as well as 5 minutes of alcohol sniffing that was repeated 12 times. One craving manipulation process lasted around 3.5 minutes.