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. 2025 Jan 15;15:2096. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-86037-4

Table 1.

Contingency table of association between the type of instruction and the ability to reach the learning criterion.

Learning criterion Instruction Total
Collect Draw
Yes Observed 21 3 24
% within column 67.7% 9.4% 38.1%
No Observed 10 29 39
% within column 19.2% 90.6% 61.9%
Total Observed 31 32 63
% within column 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%