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. 2024 Dec 2;13(4):949–961. doi: 10.1556/2006.2024.00064

Table 2.

Means and standard deviations for spontaneous and instructed emotion regulation across emotion regulation conditions and participant groups

PPU (n = 35) Control (n = 33)
Spontaneous emotion regulation
 Emotion expression 3.40 ± 1.33 3.55 ± 2.27
 Attention Reorientation 2.57 ± 1.33 2.36 ± 1.50
 Situation Modification 3.89 ± 1.60 4.88 ± 2.03
 Reappraisal 3.66 ± 2.07 5.09 ± 2.04
 Substance abuse 1.17 ± 1.56 0.79 ± 1.17
 Learned helpless 2.14 ± 2.02 1.91 ± 1.83
 Acting out 2.17 ± 1.76 2.06 ± 1.34
 Rumination 2.89 ± 2.11 3.64 ± 2.34
Instructed emotion regulation
Valence
 Attend-Neutral 5.40 ± 0.60 5.40 ± 0.47
 Attend-Negative 2.71 ± 0.88 2.45 ± 0.76
 Reappraisal-Negative 3.38 ± 0.94 3.53 ± 0.77
Arousal
 Attend-Neutral 4.19 ± 1.28 4.02 ± 1.31
 Attend-Negative 6.55 ± 1.05 6.45 ± 0.81
 Reappraisal-Negative 5.88 ± 1.18 6.03 ± 1.13
LPP
 Attend-Neutral 3.04 ± 4.02 3.62 ± 2.75
 Attend-Negative 6.37 ± 3.33 6.20 ± 3.57
 Reappraisal-Negative 5.28 ± 4.20 5.16 ± 3.53

Note. LPP, Late Positive Potential; PPU, Problematic Pornography Use.