Table 4.
Odds ratios for the association between sex and intrinsic capacity impairment, stratified by socioeconomic factors, among older people, Tainan, Taiwan, 2022.
| Prevalence of intrinsic capacity impairment, N (%)a |
Odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) for women vs. men |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | Men | Unadjusted | Adjusted model 1 | Adjusted model 2 | Adjusted model 3 | |
| Educational attainment | ||||||
| Uneducated or primary school | 164 (49.40) | 80 (44.44) | 1.22 (0.85–1.76) | 1.32 (0.88–1.98) | 1.38 (0.81–2.34) | 1.19 (0.69–2.06) |
| Junior school or above | 80 (25.32) | 107 (24.77) | 1.03 (0.74–1.44) | 1.21 (0.83–1.75) | 1.47 (0.96–2.27) | 1.42 (0.92–2.20) |
| P for interactionb | 0.50 | 0.74 | 0.42 | 0.49 | ||
| Currently workingc | ||||||
| Yes | 27 (22.88) | 32 (19.39) | 1.23 (0.69–2.20) | 1.35 (0.73–2.51) | 1.40 (0.68–2.90) | 1.07 (0.49–2.36) |
| No | 220 (41.28) | 157 (34.73) | 1.32 (1.02––1.71) | 1.42 (1.06––1.90) | 1.63 (1.14–2.35) | 1.28 (0.88–1.88) |
| P for interactionb | 0.83 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.68 | ||
| Financial independenced | ||||||
| Yes | 102 (29.39) | 118 (27.76) | 1.08 (0.79–1.48) | 1.13 (0.79–1.61) | 1.19 (0.79–1.80) | 0.97 (0.62–1.50) |
| No | 145 (47.70) | 71 (36.98) | 1.55 (1.07–2.25) | 1.72 (1.14–2.60) | 2.25 (1.33–3.80) | 1.68 (0.96–2.96) |
| P for interactionb | 0.14 | 0.084 | 0.10 | 0.059 | ||
Model 1 was adjusted for demographic characteristics (age, current marital status, living alone, and religion; n = 1,266); model 2 was adjusted for demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, betel nut chewing, exercise at any intensity, and vigorous exercise; n = 1,266); model 3 was adjusted for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and socioeconomic factors (educational attainment, currently working and financial independence; n = 1,258). The socioeconomic factor being stratified was not included as a covariate in that analysis.
A total score of intrinsic capacity >0 indicates intrinsic capacity impairment.
Interaction effects were examined using the likelihood ratio test comparing models with and without the interaction term between sex and the socioeconomic factors.
Defined as engaging in paid employment or self-employment, including part-time jobs.
Yes indicates currently self-supporting; no indicates receiving financial support from others, such as family, government, or friends.