Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pers. 2024 Jul 17;93(3):529–552. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12961

Table 2.

Proposed hypotheses.

Confirmatory Hypothesis Predictor Outcome Type Within Person Moderation by Urgency Moderation by PPS

1. Replicate within person associations between aggregated negative emotions and acting on impulse. Negative affect Acting on Impulse Confirmatory .05 .06 Null
2. Test within person associations between aggregated positive emotions and acting on impulse. Positive affect Acting on Impulse Confirmatory .05 .06 Null
3. Replicate weak to null associations between negative emotions and persisting and planning Negative affect Persisting Confirmatory −.05 Null Null
Negative affect Planning Confirmatory Null Null Null
4. Test within person associations between positive emotions and persisting and planning Positive affect Persisting Confirmatory .05 Null Null
Positive affect Planning Confirmatory Null Null Null
5. Test for relatively weaker associations of specific dimensions of negative emotions and acting on impulse, persisting and planning. Anger Acting on Impulse Confirmatory .05 .06 Null
Sadness Acting on Impulse Confirmatory .05 .06 Null
Anxiety Acting on Impulse Confirmatory .05 .06 Null
Anger Persisting Confirmatory −.05 Null Null
Sadness Persisting Confirmatory −.05 Null Null
Anxiety Persisting Confirmatory Null Null Null
Anger Planning Confirmatory Null Null Null
Sadness Planning Confirmatory Null Null Null
Anxiety Planning Confirmatory Null Null Null
Exploratory hypotheses
6. Explore associations of specific dimensions of positive emotions and acting on impulse, persisting and planning. Joviality Persisting Exploratory – – –
Attentiveness Persisting Exploratory – – –
Serenity Persisting Exploratory – – –
Joviality Planning Exploratory – – –
Attentiveness Planning Exploratory – – –
Serenity Planning Exploratory – – –
Joviality Acting on Impulse Exploratory – – –
Attentiveness Acting on Impulse Exploratory – – –
Serenity Acting on Impulse Exploratory – – –
–
7. Explore associations between facets of negative emotion and acting on impulse, persisting and planning. Valence Acting on Impulse Exploratory – – –
Arousal Acting on Impulse Exploratory – – –
Valence X Arousal Acting on Impulse Exploratory – – –
8. Explore associations between valence/arousal of emotions or emotional appraisals and impulsive behaviors. Confidence in Changing Emotion Acting on Impulse Exploratory – – –
Importance of Changing Emotion Acting on Impulse Exploratory – – –
Confidence X Important Acting on Impulse Exploratory – – –
Valence Persisting Exploratory – – –
Arousal Persisting Exploratory – – –
Valence X Arousal Persisting Exploratory – – –
Confidence in Changing Emotion Persisting Exploratory – – –
Importance of Changing Emotion Persisting Exploratory – – –
Confidence X Important Persisting Exploratory – – –
Valence Planning Exploratory – – –
Arousal Planning Exploratory – – –
Valence X Arousal Planning Exploratory – – –
Confidence in Changing Emotion Planning Exploratory – – –
Importance of Changing Emotion Planning Exploratory – – –
Confidence X Important Planning Exploratory – – –
*

All analyses will include testing of the proposed main effect and their interaction with negative urgency. We do not have hypotheses about the magnitude of exploratory analyses. Effects reported reflect GENI = greatest effect of no interest. The moderation hypothesis refers to moderation by global self-report of negative or positive urgency; we expect them to have similar if not identical effects due to their strong overlap. PPS = Global self-reports of planning, persistence, and sensation seeking.