Table 2.

Main results of linear mixed models examining association with hippocampal volume.

Variable	β	95%CI	p
Probable Chronic Pain	−.24	−.46 to −.01	.039
Age	−.07	−.15 to .02	.112
non-Hispanic White	.21	−.06 to .47	.122
Education (years)	.03	−.04 to .11	.391
Physical Morbidities	.02	−.06 to .10	.591
Depressive Symptoms	−.11	−.19 to −.02	.011
Opioid Medication Use	−.08	−.18 to .03	.138

Notes. Probable chronic pain was defined as pain on the SF-36 Bodily Pain Intensity item (Question 22) greater than mild (>3/6) in two or more study waves. Physical morbidities included major health conditions from the Charlson Index. Depressive symptoms were measured from the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. Opioid medications were coded as the number of opioid medications recorded during the medical history interview.