Figure 4.

B. pertussis toxins modify the host response. (a) PBMCs isolated from whole blood from a third healthy donor were treated with live (≈20 bacteria per human cell) and heat-killed (≈20 bacteria per human cell) Bp338 from the same bacterial culture. Data were collected at 0, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, and 12 hr. Data were selected as in previous figures and for each gene, and the Euclidean distance between responses to the two treatment conditions was calculated. Genes with Euclidean distances greater than 2 (≈400 cDNAs), are displayed in hierarchical cluster format. The 0.5-hr time point is not displayed in the cluster because of lower data quality. The names of selected genes are displayed next to the cluster. (b) The average of eight independent measurements of TNFα expression during treatment with both live and killed Bp338 are displayed with error bars representing the SEM. (c) The average induction ratio of the TNFα expression measurements are displayed for PBMCs treated with live and killed B. pertussis (corresponding to b), and for U937 cells, treated with isogenic mutants of B. pertussis that lack toxins that influence levels of intracellular cAMP. Error bars represent the SEM of measurements made by independent TNFα cDNAs (n = 8 for PBMC, n = 3 for U937). A blue/yellow version of this figure is published as Fig. 12 in the supporting information on the PNAS web site.