. 2025 Jan 18;15:2432. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-86390-4

Table 2.

Serum and urine TRP-KYN metabolites between groups.

Metabolites	Serum (ng/ml)	Urine (ng/ml)
TRP	7946.68 (7283.19–9475.62)	8324.27 (7218.98–9427.72)	-0.48	12472.06 (6658.54–23027.40)	15026.57 (8541.06–23352.03)	-0.80
KYN	286.54 (219.91–425.20)	349.23 (209.00–440.95)	-0.69	710.39 (350.09–1228.97)	550.90 (350.08–1092.33)	-0.61
KYNA	0.14 (0.11–0.15)	0.16 (0.12–0.18)	-2.69^**	0.60 (0.31–1.29)	0.79 (0.45–1.21)	-1.07
QUIN	47.55 (43.94–50.68)	47.55 (45.17–50.94)	-0.13	3059.83 (1859.58–5183.54)	3658.28 (2158.12–4712.76)	-0.59
PIC	42.59 (32.76–54.64)	38.65 (29.16–53.47)	-0.60	162.38 (98.85–206.90)	231.73 (148.28–291.00)	-3.13^**
XA	2.84 (2.33–3.94)	3.96 (2.98–5.34)	-3.57^**	648.31 (344.32–1168.88)	895.01 (508.05–1527.46)	-1.16
KYN/TRP	0.04 (0.03–0.06)	0.04 (0.03–0.05)	-0.61	0.05 (0.04–0.06)	0.04 (0.03–0.06)	-2.77^**
QUIN/KYN	0.17 (0.12–0.21)	0.14 (0.10–0.23)	-0.73	4.15 (2.68–8.22)	5.85 (3.24–8.74)	-1.25
KYNA/KYN	0.0004 (0.0003–0.0006)	0.0005 (0.0003–0.0007)	-0.84	0.0008 (0.0004–0.0021)	0.0014 (0.0007–0.0022)	-1.66
QUIN/KYNA	346.88 (302.77–456.02)	299.36 (269.04–366.78)	-2.44^*	6547.52 (3027.95–10081.04)	4294.33 (3248.22–7334.07)	-0.90
PIC/QUIN	0.86 (0.71–1.12)	0.76 (0.62–1.16)	-0.73	0.04 (0.03–0.06)	0.07 (0.04–0.09)	-2.32^*

Metabolites

Serum (ng/ml)

Urine (ng/ml)

Patients (n = 38)

Controls (n = 43)

Patients (n = 38)

Controls (n = 43)

TRP

7946.68

(7283.19–9475.62)

8324.27

(7218.98–9427.72)

-0.48

12472.06

(6658.54–23027.40)

15026.57

(8541.06–23352.03)

-0.80

KYN

286.54

(219.91–425.20)

349.23

(209.00–440.95)

-0.69

710.39

(350.09–1228.97)

550.90

(350.08–1092.33)

-0.61

KYNA

0.14

(0.11–0.15)

0.16

(0.12–0.18)

-2.69^**

0.60

(0.31–1.29)

0.79

(0.45–1.21)

-1.07

QUIN

47.55

(43.94–50.68)

47.55

(45.17–50.94)

-0.13

3059.83

(1859.58–5183.54)

3658.28

(2158.12–4712.76)

-0.59

PIC

42.59

(32.76–54.64)

38.65

(29.16–53.47)

-0.60

162.38

(98.85–206.90)

231.73

(148.28–291.00)

-3.13^**

2.84

(2.33–3.94)

3.96

(2.98–5.34)

-3.57^**

648.31

(344.32–1168.88)

895.01

(508.05–1527.46)

-1.16

KYN/TRP

0.04

(0.03–0.06)

0.04

(0.03–0.05)

-0.61

0.05

(0.04–0.06)

0.04

(0.03–0.06)

-2.77^**

QUIN/KYN

0.17

(0.12–0.21)

0.14

(0.10–0.23)

-0.73

4.15

(2.68–8.22)

5.85

(3.24–8.74)

-1.25

KYNA/KYN

0.0004

(0.0003–0.0006)

0.0005

(0.0003–0.0007)

-0.84

0.0008

(0.0004–0.0021)

0.0014

(0.0007–0.0022)

-1.66

QUIN/KYNA

346.88

(302.77–456.02)

299.36

(269.04–366.78)

-2.44^*

6547.52

(3027.95–10081.04)

4294.33

(3248.22–7334.07)

-0.90

PIC/QUIN

0.86

(0.71–1.12)

0.76

(0.62–1.16)

-0.73

0.04

(0.03–0.06)

0.07

(0.04–0.09)

-2.32^*

TRP-KYN metabolites are presented as median (IQR) and were compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. TRP, tryptophan. KYN, kynurenine. KYNA, kynurenic acid. QUIN, quinolinic acid. PIC, picolinic acid. XA, xanthurenic acid. ^*p < 0.05. ^**p < 0.01.