Skip to main content
. 2025 Jan 6;18:1486315. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1486315

Table 3.

mRNA and protein expression of balloon cells (BC) and giant cells (GC) of glutamate and GABA subunit markers.

Category Cell marker BC GC Function Notes and references
Glutamate receptor subunit GluA1 ++ + Subunit of AMPAR; synaptic plasticity BC (Oh et al., 2008); Weakly expressed in GC (Talos et al., 2008)
GluA2 + u Subunit of AMPAR; synaptic plasticity Normal expression in BC (Oh et al., 2008); GC (Talos et al., 2008)
GluA3 ++ u Subunit of AMPAR BC (Oh et al., 2008); GC (Talos et al., 2008)
GluA4 + ++ Subunit of AMPAR; synaptic plasticity Normal expression in BC (Oh et al., 2008); GC (Talos et al., 2008)
GluN1 +++ + Subunit of NMDAR BC (Oh et al., 2008); Normal expression in GC (Talos et al., 2008)
GluN2A/B +++ + Subunit of NMDAR BC (Oh et al., 2008); Weak expression in GC (Talos et al., 2008)
GABA receptor subunit GABAAR α1 u u Subunit of GABAAR; mature neuronal cell marker BC/GC (Talos et al., 2012; White et al., 2001)
GABAAR α4 + + Subunit of GABAAR; immature neuronal cell marker Normal expression in BC/GC (Talos et al., 2012)
Transport protein KCC2 u u Neuron-specific chloride potassium symporter BC/GC (Talos et al., 2012)
NKCC1 + + Na–K–Cl co-transporter in both neuron and glia BC/GC (Talos et al., 2012)
EAAT2 + n Glial marker; glutamate regulator BC (Gonzalez-Martinez et al., 2011)
EAAT3 u + Neuronal marker, glutamate regulator BC (Gonzalez-Martinez et al., 2011)
GC (White et al., 2001)

-: “not expressed” u: “Under expressed”; +: Expressed (may be weakly expressed or normal expression); ++: “Overexpressed”; +++: “Strongly Expressed.”All studies examined human cortical samples. Unless otherwise noted, all studies are immunohistochemical studies of protein expression.