Table 6.
Characterization of the preoperative PpIX-TSLT clusters.
| Time | Cluster 1 N=21 |
Cluster 2 N=15 |
FDR adj. p value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical variables | ||||
| Age (years) | T0 | 40.0 [34.0-52.0]; n=21 | 58.0 [51.5-61.0]; n=15 | 0.045 |
| Sex (female) | T0 | 19 (90.5%); n=21 | 10 (66.7%); n=15 | 0.27 |
| Body height (cm) | T0 | 166.0 [161.0-170.0]; n=21 | 171.0 [163.0-177.5]; n=15 | 0.46 |
| Weight (kg) | T0 | 122.0 [113.0-130.0]; n=21 | 132.0 [123.5-149.0]; n=15 | 0.23 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m²) | T0 | 43.6 [41.3-47.1]; n=21 | 48.5 [44.0-50.6]; n=15 | 0.32 |
| Excess weight (kg) | T0 | 59.4 [53.6-74.0]; n=21 | 75.9 [62.1-79.9]; n=15 | 0.27 |
| Years with obesity (years) | T0 | 25.0 [16.5-34.0]; n=19 | 31.5 [22.0-40.0]; n=14 | 0.44 |
| Diabetes mellitus | T0 | 3 (14.3%) | 6 (40.0%) | 0.27 |
| Arterial hypertension | T0 | 13 (61.9%) | 13 (86.7%) | 0.27 |
| Dyslipidemia | T0 | 3 (14.3%) | 4 (26.7%) | 0.46 |
| OSA | T0 | 4 (19.0%)a | 5 (33.3%)a | 0.46 |
| GERD | T0 | 7 (33.3%)b | 6 (40.0%)b | 0.74 |
| PpIX-TSLT variables | ||||
| MitoPO2:baseline (mmHg) | T0 | 74.2 [63.8-89.7]; n=21 | 46.6 [40.2-53.5]; n=15 | <0.001 |
| T3 | 63.8 [48.0-84.5]; n=17 | 56.2 [43.1-66.4]; n=11 | 0.264 | |
| T5 | 75.3 [62.6-96.3]; n=16 | 63.0 [57.2-70.7]; n=11 | 0.100 † | |
| MitoVO2:avg (mmHg/s) | T0 | 5.1 [4.1-5.6]; n=21 | 2.3 [2.1-3.3]; n=15 | <0.001 |
| T3 | 4.1 [3.3-5.2]; n=17 | 3.5 [2.7-4.4]; n=11 | 0.507 | |
| T5 | 3.0 [2.2-4.1]; n=16 | 2.7 [2.2-3.5]; n=11 | 0.512 | |
| MitoDO2:avg (mmHg/s) | T0 | 4.5 [3.1-6.4]; n=21 | 2.5 [1.7-3.9]; n=15 | 0.010 |
| T3 | 5.3 [3.0-7.2]; n=17 | 3.6 [3.2-5.0]; n=11 | 0.451 | |
| T5 | 4.6 [4.0-5.9]; n=16 | 3.2 [2.5-6.7]; n=11 | 0.507 | |
| Weight variables | ||||
| Body weight (kg) | T2 | 105.5 [99.0-113.8]; n=17 | 113.0 [106.0-126.0]; n=13 | 0.36 |
| T3 | 92.0 [86.7-102.0]; n=20 | 103.0 [94.9-121.2]; n=15 | 0.12 | |
| T4 | 83.1 [79.4-95.0]; n=20 | 102.4 [87.1-110.0]; n=13 | 0.07 † | |
| T5 | 80.6 [76.4-86.6]; n=20 | 98.3 [88.4-103.6]; n=14 | 0.028 | |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m²) | T2 | 38.2 [34.4-42.8]; n=17 | 39.8 [38.2-43.1]; n=13 | 0.36 |
| T3 | 32.5 [30.7-37.6]; n=20 | 37.2 [32.6-39.1]; n=15 | 0.15 | |
| T4 | 29.8 [28.8-34.1]; n=20 | 33.7 [31.8-36.3]; n=13 | 0.07 † | |
| T5 | 28.2 [26.4-33.3]; n=20 | 32.8 [30.9-34.3]; n=14 | 0.028 | |
| Total weight loss (%) | T2 | 14.9 [12.5-18.0]; n=17 | 15.0 [12.4-18.0]; n=13 | 0.93 |
| T3 | 24.7 [21.4-28.1]; n=20 | 21.9 [18.8-25.6]; n=15 | 0.22 | |
| T4 | 30.4 [27.4-34.4]; n=20 | 26.9 [24.1-29.6]; n=13 | 0.07 † | |
| T5 | 35.6 [30.9-38.7]; n=20 | 28.1 [22.4-30.9]; n=14 | 0.041 | |
| Excess weight (kg) | T2 | 43.8 [34.2-56.1]; n=17 | 49.9 [43.9-60.8]; n=13 | 0.36 |
| T3 | 29.6 [25.8-42.3]; n=20 | 44.6 [30.4-49.9]; n=15 | 0.15 | |
| T4 | 22.6 [18.8-33.7]; n=20 | 32.8 [27.0-40.7]; n=13 | 0.07 † | |
| T5 | 17.2 [13.3-31.0]; n=20 | 32.1 [24.3-36.4]; n=14 | 0.028 | |
| Excess weight loss (%) | T2 | 32.8 [26.5-39.3]; n=17 | 33.9 [32.0-36.8]; n=13 | 0.85 |
| T3 | 54.7 [48.5-66.4]; n=20 | 48.4 [42.3-55.6]; n=15 | 0.15 | |
| T4 | 71.2 [64.4-79.9]; n=20 | 57.7 [54.2-63.7]; n=13 | 0.028 | |
| T5 | 84.1 [70.7-91.1]; n=20 | 62.2 [53.2-68.9]; n=14 | 0.011 | |
All data in median [interquartile range] or absolute and relative frequencies (%). Differences in continuous variables were tested using Mann-Whitney U tests. For categorical variables, we applied Fisher’s exact tests. False-discovery rate (FDR) adjusted p values < 0.05 are printed in bold.
GERD, Gastroesophageal reflux disease; mitoPO2, mitochondrial oxygen tension; mitoVO2, mitochondrial oxygen consumption; mitoDO2, mitochondrial oxygen delivery; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PpIX-TSLT, Protoporphyrin IX-Triplet State Lifetime Technique; T0, preoperative; T1, day of surgery (no data acquisition); T2, 3 ± 1 months; T3, 6 ± 1 months; T4, 9 ± 1 months; T5, 12 ± 1 months after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.
† raw p value <0.05; p values were FDR adjusted separately for clinical, PpIX-TSLT, and weight variables.