Table 1.
Effects of natural products on UC-related tissues through mitophagy.
| Nature products | Species | Experimental models | Signaling pathway | Main results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| curcumin (50 mg/kg) |
BALB/c mice | 3.5%DSS induced | SIRT1/mTOR | mTOR&SIRT1 ↑ | (170) |
| N=80/4groups | Atg12, Beclin-1&LC3-II ↓ | ||||
| curcumin (200 mg/kg) |
IPEC-J2 | H2O2 induced N=24/4groups |
AMPK/TFEB/pink1/parkin | Pink-1&and Parkin ↑ | (171) |
| LC3-II&Beclin1 ↑ | |||||
| BNIP3L, BNIP3and FUNDC-1 | |||||
| curcumin (200 mg/kg) |
piglets | diquat induced | P-ERK | PGC-αand NRF-1 ↑ | (172) |
| N=24/4groups | P-PERK/PERK and MFN2 ↓ | ||||
| curcumin (15、30、60mg/kg) |
BALB/c mice | 5%DSSinduced&2.5% ethanol IP. | p38MAPK | p-p38MAPK ↑ | (173) |
| N=60/6groups | |||||
| curcumin (200 mg/kg) |
BALB/c mice | 3%DSS induced | NS | LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 ↑ | (174) |
| N=45/3groups | p62 ↓ | ||||
| curcumin (15、30、60mg/kg) |
BALB/c mice | 3%DSS induced | NS | Bcl-2 ↑ | (175) |
| N=40/5groups | Atg5, LC-3IIand Beclin-1 ↓ | ||||
| RES (80 mg/kg) |
BALB/c mice | 3.5%DSS induced | SIRT1/mTOR | mTOR&SIRT1 ↑ | (170) |
| N=80/4groups | Atg12, Beclin-1and LC3II ↓ | ||||
| RES (100 mg/kg) |
piglets | diquat induced | pink1/parkin | Pink1and Parkin ↑ | (176) |
| N=24/4groups | LC3II and LC3- II/LC3- I ↑ | ||||
| RES (100 mg/kg) |
C57BL/6 mice | 3%DSS induced | NS | LC3B, Beclin-1and LC3-II/I ↑ | (177) |
| N=48/4groups | |||||
| RES (100 mg/kg) |
C57BL/6 mice | 3%DSS induced | AMPK | CDX2, p-AMPKand SIRT1 ↑ | (178) |
| N=50/5group | p- NF-κB ↓ | ||||
| Berberine (25、50、100mg/kg) |
C57BL/6 mice | DSS induced and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells |
IRGM1/PI3K/ AKT/mTOR |
IRGM1 ↑ | (179) |
| N=105/7groups | p-mTOR, p-AKT&p-PI3K ↓ | ||||
| Berberine (25、50、100mg/kg) |
KuNSing mice | 3%DSS induced N=120/6groups |
AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 ATG16L1/NOD1/RIPK2 |
p-ampk and p-ulk1 ↑ | (180) |
| LC3B, ATG12and ATG16L1 ↑ | |||||
| p- mtor, NOD1and RIPK2 ↓ | |||||
| Baicalin (1、5 、10μ g/mL) |
HT-29 (Human) |
LPS induced | NS | LC3, Atg5 and BECN1 ↑ | (181) |
| Ginsenoside Rd (10、20、40mg/kg) |
C57BL/6 mice | DSS induced | AMPK/ULK1 | p62, AMPK and p-ULK1 ↑ | (182) |
| THP-1 | LPS + ATP induced | ||||
| Ginsenoside Rh2 (50mg/kg) |
C57BL/6 mice | 3%DSS induced | STAT3/miR-214 | PTEN ↑ | (183) |
| N=24/4groups | p-STAT3and miR- 214↓ | ||||
| Ginsenoside Rk2 (5、10、20μM) |
THP-1 | LPS induced | SIRT1/ERK/MEK | SIRT1 ↑ | (184) |
| P- ERK, MEK and SIRT1 ↑ |
NS, Not specified; HT-29, The human colonic epithelial cell line;THP-1, human intestinal epithelial THP-1 cells. ↑, up; ↓, down.